Essentiality of Dietary Phosphatidylcholine for the Survival of Juvenile Lobsters

D’Abramo, Louis R.; Bordner, Clark E.; Conklin, Douglas E.; Baum, Nancy A.

doi:10.1093/jn/111.3.425

Cited by 72 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The observed high naupliar PC levels as Ž . compared to other PL support the findings of D'Abramo et al 1981 andKanazawa Ž . 1993 who have stated that PC is the most active PL in marine fish and crustaceans.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Lipid composition and vitamin content of wild female Litopenaeus vannamei in different stages of sexual maturation

et al. 2001

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Wild Litopenaeus Õannamei females in different stages of sexual maturation were sampled, Ž . including spent females and their nauplii, for determination of the lipid content, lipid class LC Ž . composition, fatty acid FA composition, vitamin C content and vitamin E content. Free FA Ž . Ž . Ž . Ž . FFA , triacylglycerol TAG , phosphatidylcholine PC and sterol esters SE were the dominant Ž . LC in the midgut gland. TAG and phospholipids PL , mainly PC and phosphatidylethanolamine Ž .Ž . Ž . PE , were the dominant ovarian LC. Neutral lipids NL prevailed over polar lipids POL in midgut gland lipids, while ovarian lipids displayed an inverse relationship. An increase in ovarian Ž . Ž . TL was observed from stage 0 immature to stage 1 early maturing . Later, from stage 1 to stage Ž . 2 mid maturing , a decrease in midgut gland TL was observed. TAG was most responsible for these changes in TL. Lipids were preferentially transferred to the nauplii, which contained relatively high TAG and PC levels. In both midgut gland and ovaries, 16:00, 18:00, 16:1n y 7, Ž . Ž . 18:1n y 9, arachidonic acid ARA; 20:4n y 6 , eicosapentaenoic acid EPA; 20:5n y 3 and Ž . docosahexaenoic acid DHA; 22:6n y 3 were the principal FA. All tissues and nauplii displayed n y 3 ) n y 6 and EPA ) DHA relationships, and contained high proportions of n y 3 highly Ž . unsaturated FA n y 3 HUFA . During sexual maturation, the sum of poly-unsaturated FA Ž . PUFA decreased in the ovaries due to the decrease in n y 6 PUFA such as ARA. The sum of Ž . mono-unsaturated FA MUFA , on the other hand, increased in the ovaries. AA levels were high ) Corresponding author. Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Rozier 44, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. Tel.: q32-9-264-37-54; fax: q32-9-264-41-93.Ž . E-mail address: r.wouters@inve.be R. Wouters . Wouters et al.r Aquaculture 198 2001 307-323 308 in immature, maturing and mature ovaries. They were low in the ovaries of spent females and nauplii. Vitamin E levels were low in immature ovaries, increased substantially during ovarian maturation, and then decreased again upon spawning. High vitamin E levels were retained in the nauplii. The findings of this study, combined with those reported in related studies, suggest the importance of n y 3 HUFA for larval development, of vitamin C for egg development and hatching, and of vitamin E for ovarian maturation and larval development. These nutrients cannot be synthesised de novo by shrimp, and should be included at high levels in the broodstock diet. q

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Lipid composition and vitamin content of wild female Litopenaeus vannamei in different stages of sexual maturation

et al. 2001

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“…It is generally accepted that crustaceans have a limited capacity to biosynthesise PL and consequently cannot satisfy this nutritional requirement if PL is absent from their diet (Nelson et al 2006). For example, the addition of phosphatidylcholine is essential for the survival of juvenile H. americanus (D'Abramo et al 1981). Similarly, prawn Penaeus japonicus larvae did not metamorphose to postlarvae and died in 7 d when fed diets containing no PL, whereas growth and survival were improved by the addition of phosphatidylcholine to the diets (Kanazawa et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid nutrition and settlement behaviour in American lobster Homarus americanus

Thériault¹

2007

Aquat. Biol.

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This study examines the effects of varying dietary lipids on growth, survival, lipid composition and behaviour in lobster Homarus americanus (Milne Edwards, 1837) postlarvae. Lobsters were fed one of 3 diets during their early ontogeny: (1) Artemac, a widely used Artemia replacement; (2) a ternary mixture consisting of Artemac, frozen Artemia adults and Artemia flakes; or (3) a mixture of live A. salina nauplii and adults. We evaluated the olfactory capacity (response to predator odour plume) and cryptic behaviour (ability to hide during settlement) of lobster postlarvae as a function of these diets and the lipid and the fatty acid composition of lobsters. Growth and survival of lobster postlarvae were highest in those fed live Artemia, followed by the ternary mix, then Artemac. The low performance of lobster postlarvae fed Artemac may be attributable to dietary deficiencies in phospholipids (PLs) or 20:4n-6 and coincided with low levels of endogenous triacylglycerols (TAG). Those lobsters fed live Artemia showed low levels of 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 compared to levels occurring in wild animals. Here we report the selective incorporation of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 to polar lipids and, to a lesser extent, to neutral lipids in lobsters. Finally, lobster postlarvae fed the 3 experimental diets responded to a predator odour plume by reducing their activity levels and increasing the time spent swimming downstream. However, lobster settlement behaviour varied as a function of the diet: low-performing lobsters fed Artemac were less active than those fed the other diets, presumably due to low levels of endogenous TAG or changes in dietary long-chain PUFA.

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“…Capuzzo and Lancaster (1979c) (Zandee, 1967), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the linolenic (~3) and linoleic families (~6) (Kanazawa et al,1977;Castell and Boghen, 1979), and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) (D'Abramo et al, 1981). Linolenic acid (18:3w3) is more effective at promoting growth than linoleic (18 :3w6) when fed alone.…”

Section: Natural Food Of Lobstersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in midgut gland morphology and digestive enzyme activities associated with development in early stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus

Biesiot¹

1986

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Essentiality of Dietary Phosphatidylcholine for the Survival of Juvenile Lobsters

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

Lipid composition and vitamin content of wild female Litopenaeus vannamei in different stages of sexual maturation

Lipid composition and vitamin content of wild female Litopenaeus vannamei in different stages of sexual maturation

Lipid nutrition and settlement behaviour in American lobster Homarus americanus

Changes in midgut gland morphology and digestive enzyme activities associated with development in early stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus

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