Establishing a legal research agenda for ocean energy

Wright, Glen; O’Hagan, Anne Marie; Groot, Jiska de; Leroy, Yannick; Soininen, Niko; Salcido, Rachael E.; Castelos, Montserrat Abad; Jude, Simon; Rochette, Julien; Kerr, Sandy

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2015.09.030

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In this connection, the legal-regulatory framework for energy production is critical for MRE development. However, as has been highlighted in [244], existing research on legal and regulatory issues related with MRE is not adequately addressed since the key issues that are involved are also interrelated with several other aspects such as EIAs and consenting processes, rights and ownership, international law, management of ocean space, etc. In [245], a discussion on the policies and governance framework as regards offshore wind in the EU Member States has been presented along with some suggestions as regards the EU role in shaping offshore wind governance while in [246], a review on the consenting processes as regards MRE has been presented for different EU Member States, including France and Spain.…”

Section: Legal and Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, an extended overview of the marine renewable energy in the Mediterranean Sea is provided as regards current status, potential problems, challenges, and perspectives of development. An integrated and holistic approach is necessary for the economic viability and sustainability of marine renewable energy projects; this approach comprises three different frameworks, not always aligned, i.e., geotechnical/engineering, socio-economic, and environmental/ ecological frameworks. In this context, the geomorphological, climatological, socio-economic, and environmental/ecological particularities of the Mediterranean basin are discussed, as they constitute key issues of the spatial context in which marine renewable energy projects are to be implemented. General guidelines for the sustainable development of marine renewable energy in the Mediterranean are also provided.Keywords: marine renewable energy; ocean energy; offshore wind energy; marine spatial planning; Mediterranean Sea; roadmap for marine energy development Key TopicsThe main topics that this paper deals with, can be summarized as follows: •Global status of the different types of marine renewable energy (MRE), i.e., offshore wind, wave, tidal, thermal, and salinity gradients energy conversion:

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Section: Legal and Regulatory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives

et al. 2017

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“…With reference to the PESTEL factors, at this early stage of MUPS developments, the laws and policy obstacles seem to be the most visible ones, together with the environmental obstacles, as we see supported by Wright and others [4,5]. While there is a need to synergize laws, regulations, and policies across sectors, it is also necessary to coordinate across nations when transboundary MUPS are to be installed, as well as across governance levels.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implications For Policy-makersmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…MUPS or co-location of activities as an idea is increasingly known across Europe [1,2]. Because of practical obstacles for fishermen and developers of windfarms, as well as socioeconomic and ecological challenges [3][4][5], it is not yet clear how to implement MUPS in European seas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Governance of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea for Energy Production and Aquaculture: Challenges for Policy Makers in European Seas

et al. 2016

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European seas are encountering an upsurge in competing marine activities and infrastructures. Traditional exploitation such as fisheries, tourism, transportation, and oil production are accompanied by new sustainable economic activities such as offshore windfarms, aquaculture, and tidal and wave energy. One proposed solution to overcome possible competing claims at sea lies in combining these economic activities as part of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS). MUPS can be understood as areas at sea, designated for a combination of activities, either completely integrated in a platform or in shared marine space. MUPS can potentially benefit from each other in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, etc. Developing MUPS in the marine environment demands adequate governance. In this article, we investigate four European sites to find out how governance arrangements may facilitate or complicate MUPs. In particular, we apply a framework specifying

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“…The licensing process has been pointed out by the EC and the scientific literature as one of the major obstacles to development of marine renewable energies . In particular, lengthy and complex procedures with a large number of authorities involved have been identified as major bureaucratic barriers .…”

Section: Effects Of the Main International European And National Lementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of offshore wind energy resources in Europe under present and future climate

deCastro

Costoya

Salvador

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Long-term sustainable development of European offshore wind energy requires knowledge of the best places for installing offshore wind farms. To achieve this, a good knowledge of wind resources is needed, as well as knowledge of international, European, and national regulations regarding conflict management, marine environment conservation, biodiversity protection, licensing processes, and support regimes. Such a multidisciplinary approach could help to identify areas where wind resources are abundant and where conflicts with other interests are scarce, support measures are greater, and licensing processes are streamlined. An overview of offshore wind power studies at present, and of their future projections for the 21st century, allows for determining the optimal European locations to install or maintain offshore wind farms. Only northern Europe, the northwest portion of the Iberian Peninsula, the Gulf of Lyon, the Strait of Gibraltar, and the northwest coast of Turkey show no change or increase in wind power, revealing these locations as the most suitable for installing and maintaining offshore wind farms in the future. The installation of wind farms is subject to restrictions established under international law, European law, and the domestic legal framework of each EU member state. Europe is moving toward streamlining of licensing procedures, reducing subsidies, and implementing auction systems.

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Establishing a legal research agenda for ocean energy

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives

Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives

The Governance of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea for Energy Production and Aquaculture: Challenges for Policy Makers in European Seas

An overview of offshore wind energy resources in Europe under present and future climate

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