Establishment and persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in maize fields

Pilz, C.; Enkerli, J.; Wegensteiner, R.; Keller, Siegfried

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01566.x

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our general findings on persistence of the fungus in a row crop field environment are supported by those of Pilz, Enkerli, Wegensteiner, and Keller (2011), who observed survival of M. anisopliae, applied on a barley grain ''Data not available due to sensor malfunction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet

Boetel

Majumdar

Jaronski

et al. 2012

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Rôder), is a major North American pest of sugarbeet. Beta vulgaris L. Previous research suggests that moderate T. myopaeformis control is possible with the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. We conducted a three-year (2002)(2003)(2004) experiment to assess impacts of" oat. Avena sativa L. and rye. Sécale céréale L., cover crops on persistence of corn grit-based granular or spray formulations of M anisopliae isolate ATCC 62176 (i.e. MA 1200) applied at 8 x lO'^ viable conidia/ha in sugarbeet. More colony forming units (CFUs) were detected immediately after application [0 days after treatment (DAT)] in spray plots than granule-treated plots. However, 76-92% declines in CFUs per gram of soil occurred in spray plots within 30 DAT. Substantially (i.e. 83-560%) more rainfall occurred in June 2002 than during June of any other year. Subsequently, 71-670% increases in CFU concentrations occurred by 60 DAT in M anisopliae granuletreated plots with oat or rye cover crops that year. CFU density increases were higher in cover crops in 2002, but no significant cover crop effects were detected. Conidia persisted for up to 30 DAT in M anisopliae spray plots and 60 DAT in granule-treated plots in 2002; however, no increases occurred in the years with less June rainfall. Trends suggest that M. anisopliae aqueous sprays result in greater conidia concentrations than granules at sugarbeet plant bases in June during T myopaeformis oviposition and larval establishment on host plants. Increases are possible when delivering conidia via granules, but high post-application rainfall could be necessary for conidia production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet

Boetel

Majumdar

Jaronski

et al. 2012

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Percent of G. mellonella larvae infected with nematodes was higher for pathogen-treated plots than for control plots (Table 5). Both entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi have been shown to persist in maize Þelds (Kurtz et al 2007, Pilz et al 2011. Entomopathogenic nematodes can persist for several months and up to 2 yr after application to agricultural Þelds (Ferguson et al 1995, Kurtz et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kurtz et al (2007) measured the persistence of several nematode species and found persistence of 2Ð5 mo, and M. anisopliae s.l. was found to persist for at least 15 mo in the soil of maize Þelds (Pilz et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interactions Among Bt Maize, Entomopathogens, and Rootworm Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Field: Effects on Survival, Yield, and Root Injury

Petzold-Maxwell¹,

Jaronski²,

Clifton³

et al. 2013

jnl. econ. entom.

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A 2 yr field study was conducted to determine how a blend of entomopathogens interacted with Bt maize to affect mortality of Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), root injury to maize (Zea maize L.) and yield. The blend of entomopathogens included two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and one entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum(Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Bt maize (event DAS59122-7, which produces Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1) decreased root injury and survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) but did not affect yield. During year 1 of the study, when rootworm abundance was high, entomopathogens in combination with Bt maize led to a significant reduction in root injury. In year 2 of the study, when rootworm abundance was lower, entomopathogens significantly decreased injury to non-Bt maize roots, but had no effect on Bt maize roots. Yield was significantly increased by the addition of entomopathogens to the soil. Entomopathogens did not decrease survival of corn rootworm species. The results suggest that soil-borne entomopathogens can complement Bt maize by protecting roots from feeding injury from corn rootworm when pest abundance is high, and can decrease root injury to non-Bt maize when rootworm abundance is low. In addition, this study also showed that the addition of entomopathogens to soil contributed to an overall increase in yield. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. ABSTRACT A 2 yr Þeld study was conducted to determine how a blend of entomopathogens interacted with Bt maize to affect mortality of Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), root injury to maize (Zea maize L.) and yield. The blend of entomopathogens included two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and one entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Bt maize (event DAS-59122Ð7, which produces Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1) decreased root injury and survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) but did not affect yield. During year 1 of the study, when rootworm abundance was high, entomopathogens in combination with Bt maize led to a signiÞcant reduction in root injury.In year 2 of the study, when rootworm abundance was lower, entomopathogens signiÞcantly decreased injury to non-Bt maize roots, but had no effect on Bt maize roots. Yield was signiÞcantly increased by the addition of entomopathogens to the soil. Entomopathogens did not decrease survival of corn rootworm species. The results suggest that soil-borne entomopathogens can complement Bt maize by protecting roots from feeding injury from corn rootworm when pest abundance is high, and can decrease r...

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“…Thus, initial inoculation rates in our experiment were likely higher than what is found in nature, but persistence was likely lower than that of naturally occurring entomopathogens. In addition, our results highlight the potential for entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi to be applied to Bt maize fields as biological control agents, where a range of concentrations similar to what was used in this study would be appropriate (Krueger & Roberts, 1997;Scheepmaker & Butt, 2010;Toepfer et al, 2010a,b;Pilz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Tritrophic interactions amongBtmaize, an insect pest and entomopathogens: effects on development and survival of western corn rootworm

Petzold-Maxwell

Jaronski

Gassmann

2011

Annals of Applied Biology

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Agricultural systems often provide a model for testing ecological hypotheses, while ecological theory can enable more effective pest management. One of the best examples of this is the interaction between host-plant resistance and natural enemies. With the advent of crops that are genetically modified to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a new form of host-plant resistance has been introduced to agroecosystems. How Bt crops interact with natural enemies, especially insect pathogens in below-ground systems, is not well understood, but provides a unique opportunity to study below-ground tritrophic interactions. In this study, we used two species of entomopathogenic fungi and three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to determine how this community of soil-borne natural enemies might interact with Bt maize (event 59122, expressing the insecticidal protein Cry34/35Ab1) to affect survival and development of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), which is an obligate root feeder and a serious pest of maize. We ran two experiments, one in a greenhouse and one in a growth chamber. Both experiments consisted of a fully crossed design with two maize treatments (Bt maize and non-Bt maize) and two entomopathogen treatments (present or absent). The community of entomopathogens significantly increased mortality of western corn rootworm, and Bt maize increased larval developmental time and mortality. Entomopathogens and Bt maize acted in an independent and additive manner, with both factors increasing the mortality of western corn rootworm. Results from this study suggest that entomopathogens may complement host-plant resistance from Bt crops. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. AbstractAgricultural systems often provide a model for testing ecological hypotheses, while ecological theory can enable more effective pest management. One of the best examples of this is the interaction between host-plant resistance and natural enemies. With the advent of crops that are genetically modified to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a new form of host-plant resistance has been introduced to agroecosystems. How Bt crops interact with natural enemies, especially insect pathogens in belowground systems, is not well understood, but provides a unique opportunity to study below-ground tritrophic interactions. In this study, we used two species of entomopathogenic fungi and three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to determine how this community of soil-borne natural enemies might interact with Bt maize (event 59122, expressing the insecticidal protein Cry34/35Ab1) to affect survival and development of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), which is an obligate root feeder and a serious pest of maize. We ran two experiments, one in a greenhouse and one in a growth chamber. Both e...

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Establishment and persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in maize fields

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet

Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet

Interactions Among Bt Maize, Entomopathogens, and Rootworm Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Field: Effects on Survival, Yield, and Root Injury

Tritrophic interactions amongBtmaize, an insect pest and entomopathogens: effects on development and survival of western corn rootworm

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