Establishment of geochemical background and threshold values for 8 potential toxic elements in the Bulgarian soil quality monitoring network

Yotova, Galina; Padareva, Monika; Hristova, Mariana; Astel, Aleksander; Georgieva, Milena; Dinev, Nikolai; Tsakovski, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.237

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Based on threshold studies, risk assessment can determine a soil pollution degree and spatial and temporal distribution characteristics [ 64 ]. It could effectively allow locating areas containing toxic elements through these risk assessment procedures: setting different threshold levels for common heavy metals in soil (taking China as an example, four threshold levels of Cd were established for major edible agricultural products’ safety (e.g., rice) in consideration of soil physical and chemical properties, i.e., 0.3 mg/kg for pH ≤ 5.5, 0.4 mg/kg for 5.5 < pH ≤ 6.5, 0.6 mg/kg for 6.5 < pH ≤ 7.5, and 0.8 mg/kg for pH > 7.5), conducting more targeted investigations on heavy metal pollution characteristics, selecting appropriate methods, and defining a soil pollution classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of the Influencing Factors, Derivation, and Application of Heavy Metal Thresholds in Soil

Lin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The study of threshold levels of heavy metals in soil is essential for the assessment and management of soil environmental quality. This study reviewed the influencing factors, the derivation, and application aspects of heavy metals’ threshold values comprehensively by a combination of bibliometric analysis and scientific knowledge mapping. A total of 1106 related studies were comprehensively extracted from the Web of Science database during the period from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that the publication output has been growing strongly. An analysis on the subject, journal, country, and institution was carried out to demonstrate the development and evolution of this research branch during the two decades. According to high-frequency keywords analysis, external factors (e.g., soil physicochemical properties) and internal factors (e.g., crop genotype) can affect heavy metal threshold values in the soil–crop system. The current methods mainly include the Point model (e.g., evaluation factor method), the Probability model (e.g., species sensitivity distribution method), and the Empirical model (e.g., ecological environment effect method). A threshold study can be applicable to the risk assessment for soil heavy metal contamination in order to determinate the soil pollution degree and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. Moreover, challenges and prospects of the study of heavy metal threshold values are proposed, indicating that research should focus on the relationships between human health risks and the established threshold values of heavy metals in the soil, long-term field trials and bioavailability of heavy metals for the derivation of the thresholds, and the establishment of more scientific and rational soil environmental benchmarks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of the Influencing Factors, Derivation, and Application of Heavy Metal Thresholds in Soil

Lin

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Firstly, the threshold values calculated by using statistical techniques widely applied in geochemical studies [72][73][74] pointed out different results among each statistical method (Table 3 and Table S3). These differences occur due to the statistical approach and the central criteria of the method, which is widely discussed in the literature [17,22,23,44,45].…”

Section: Geochemical Threshold Variation In Soils and Stream Sediments Vs Environmental Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Geochemical Assessment of Soils and Stream Sediments to Evaluate Source-Sink Relationships and Background Variations in the Parauapebas River Basin, Eastern Amazon

et al. 2021

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This study aims to handle an integrated evaluation of soil and stream sediment geochemical data to evaluate source apportionment and to establish geochemical threshold variations for Fe, Al, and 20 selected Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE) in the Parauapebas River Basin (PB), Eastern Amazon. The data set used in this study is from the Itacaiúnas Geochemical Mapping and Background Project (ItacGMBP), which collected 364 surface soil (0–10 cm) samples and 189 stream sediments samples in the entire PB. The <0.177 mm fraction of these samples were analyzed for 51 elements by ICP-MS and ICP-AES, following an aqua regia digestion. The geochemical maps of many elements revealed substantial differences between the north (NPB) and the south (SPB) of PB, mainly due to the geological setting. The new statistically derived threshold values of the NPB and SPB regions were compared to the threshold of the whole PB, reported in previous studies, and to quality guidelines proposed by Brazilian environmental agencies. The natural variation of geochemical background in soils and stream sediments of PB should be considered prior to defining new guideline values. At the regional scale, the local anomalies are mostly influenced by the predominant lithology rather than any anthropogenic impact.

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“…Similarly, in large industrial areas where point and diffuse sources of pollution are mixed, the sources are difficult to distinguish. Therefore, different approaches to defining geochemical baselines are required [ 40 ]. The geochemical factors associated with water, soil, and sediments should be considered compositional data, as they contain valuable information based on elemental ratios [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrigation suitability, health risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface water used for irrigation near marble industry in Malakand, Pakistan

Khan

Egozcue

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Water is a vital, finite resource whose quantity and quality are deteriorating as the world population increases. The current study aims to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (HM) in surface water for irrigation purposes with associated human health risks and pollution sources near the marble industry in Malakand, Pakistan. Twenty-seven water samples were randomly collected and analyzed for HM concentration by inductively coupled plasma‒optical emission spectrometry (ICP‒OES). pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured using standard methods of American Public Health Association (APHA). Irrigation suitability was assessed using specific water quality parameters. The associated health risks from ingestion and dermal exposure to heavy metals were calculated by USEPA health risk indices. Pollution sources and spatial distribution mapping were studied using compositional data analysis (CoDa) and the application of a geographic information system (GIS) to understand the changing behavior of heavy metals in surface waters. The concentrations of BOD (89%), COD (89%), Al (89%), Ca (89%), Cr (56%), Cu (78%), Fe (56%), K (34%) Mg (23%), Mn (56%), Na (89%), Ni (56%), P (89%), and Zn (11%) exceeded the safety limits of National Environmental Quality standards (NEQs) of Pakistan. The results of Kelly’s ratio (KR) classified surface water as unsuitable for irrigation. The average daily doses (ADD, mg/kg/day) for Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn were higher in children than in adults. The hazard index (HI) for children and adults was above the threshold (HI > 1), indicating a significant risk of non-carcinogenic toxicity. The carcinogenic risk values for Cr and Ni were above the USEPA limit (1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4), suggesting a potential carcinogenic risk for the target population. Principal component analysis (PCA), biplot (CLR), and the CoDa-dendrogram allowed for the identification of elemental associations, and their potential source was anthropogenic rather than natural in origin. Regular monitoring and phytoremediation strategies are proposed to safeguard crops and human health.

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Establishment of geochemical background and threshold values for 8 potential toxic elements in the Bulgarian soil quality monitoring network

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Bibliometric Analysis of the Influencing Factors, Derivation, and Application of Heavy Metal Thresholds in Soil

Bibliometric Analysis of the Influencing Factors, Derivation, and Application of Heavy Metal Thresholds in Soil

Integrated Geochemical Assessment of Soils and Stream Sediments to Evaluate Source-Sink Relationships and Background Variations in the Parauapebas River Basin, Eastern Amazon

Irrigation suitability, health risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface water used for irrigation near marble industry in Malakand, Pakistan

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