Esterification of glycerol from biodiesel production to glycerol carbonate in non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate

Ilham, Zul; Saka, Shiro

doi:10.1186/s40064-016-2643-1

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Another arising issue is the waste glycerol problem. It is estimated that approximately for every 100 kg of biodiesel produced, 10 kg of glycerol is generated as a byproduct (11,12). The abundance of waste glycerol generated from the biodiesel industry not only affects the cost of the biodiesel production but it also severely creates an environmental issue (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Nomanbhay

Hussein

Ong

2018

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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Biodiesel being one of the most promising renewable biofuels has seen rapid increase in production capacity due to high demand for diesel replacement; along with oversupply of its by-product, crude glycerol. Developing new industrial usage for glycerol is essential to defray the cost and sustainability of biodiesel industry and to promote the biodiesel industrialization. One of the approaches is by the transformation of glycerol into a liquid, referred as bio-oil through pyrolysis technology. Bio-oils produced by pyrolysis processes can be upgraded to produce transportation fuels or for power generation. However, current state of pyrolysis technologies are still major hurdles their development with respect to its commercial applications. Recently, microwave technology has attracted considerable attention as effective method for significantly reducing reaction time, improving the yields and selectivity of target products. Hence, this review strives extensively towards addressing the application of microwave-assisted technology applied to the pyrolysis process as a way of cost-effective and operationally feasible processes to directly utilize crude glycerol. The present review will focus on the pyrolyzed liquid product (bio-oil) derived by employing the microwave-assisted pyrolysis method. This review concludes that microwaveassisted glycerol conversion technology is a promising option as an alternative method to conventional glycerol conversion technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Nomanbhay

Hussein

Ong

2018

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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“…Many invest to convert the glycerol into added-value products has been widely studied and several viable synthetic routes have been considered, such as hydrogenolysis [4], oxidation [5], carbonatation [6], etherification [7], esterification [8], and acetalization with either aldehydes or ketones [9][10][11]. The acetalization of these carbonyl compounds have usually used mineral acids catalysts like HCl withtriethylorthoformate and absolute ethanol [12], trialkylorthoformate and a catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) in absolute alcohol [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algerian Acid Activated Clays as Efficient Catalysts for a Green Synthesis of Solketal by Chemoselective Acetalization of Glycerol with Acetone

Alali¹,

Lebsir

Amri

et al. 2018

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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The production of solketal and conversion of glycerol takes a major importance in the field of the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. The synthesis of (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol by the acetalization of glycerol with acetone successfully applied out using various Algerian acid activated clays (maghnia-H+) under autogenous pressure and without solvent. The acid catalyst clays are prepared by an easy technique by activation with the available and low-cost Maghnia clay. The purified Maghnia clay named ALC and the resulting series of acid-activated clays AL1, AL2, AL3, and AL4 are characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigation, N2-adorption/desorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) with copper bisethylenediamine complex method, in order to study the effect of activation at the acid and the catalytic behaviour in the acetalization reaction. The results show a high catalytic activity whose that the yield of solketal production interest reached 95 % at a temperature of 40 °C for a reaction time of 48 hours with full selectivity and glycerol conversion reaching up to 89 %. A mechanistic is proposed to explain the chemoselective of solketal production. These results indicate the potential of this Algerian acid activated clays catalysts for the acetalization of glycerol for an environmentally benign process. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 28th March 2018; Revised: 17th October 2018; Accepted: 30th October 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Alali, K., Lebsir, F., Amri, S., Rahmouni, A., Srasra, E., Besbes, N. (2019). Algerian Acid Activated Clays as Efficient Catalysts for a Green Synthesis of Solketal by Chemoselective Acetalization of Glycerol with Acetone. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 130-141 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2445.130-141)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2445.130-141

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“…In fact, the process operates with the same basic catalysts described in the production of biodiesel, such as KOH, sodium methylate, sodium hydride, some amines, as well as different alkaline solids, operating as heterogeneous base catalysts at different experimental conditions [196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214]. Given the interest of the process, supercritical conditions [215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222] or the use of different lipases [223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239] have also been studied. DMC has been recently investigated in regards to the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters via ionic liquids [240,…”

Section: Biodiesel-like Biofuels That Integrate the Glycerol As Glycementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.

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Esterification of glycerol from biodiesel production to glycerol carbonate in non-catalytic supercritical dimethyl carbonate

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Algerian Acid Activated Clays as Efficient Catalysts for a Green Synthesis of Solketal by Chemoselective Acetalization of Glycerol with Acetone

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

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