Esterification of Kraft lignin as a method to improve structural and mechanical properties of lignin‐polyethylene blends

Dehne, Laura; Vila, Carlos; Saake, Bodo; Schwarz, Katrin U.

doi:10.1002/app.44582

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Lignin esterification has been studied as a strategy to improve compatibility between lignin and polyolefins in blends and composites [ 46 , 65 , 91 , 92 ]. Figure 9 shows the esterification of lignin by acetic anhydride.…”

Section: Lignin Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery

et al. 2020

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Lignin is an abundant, renewable, and relatively cheap biobased feedstock that has potential in energy, chemicals, and materials. Kraft lignin, more specifically, has been used for more than 100 years as a self-sustaining energy feedstock for industry after which it has finally reached more widespread commercial appeal. Unfortunately, hardwood kraft lignin (HWKL) has been neglected over these years when compared to softwood kraft lignin (SWKL). Therefore, the present work summarizes and critically reviews the research and development (R&D) dealing specifically with HWKL. It will also cover methods for HWKL extraction from black liquor, as well as its structure, properties, fractionation, and modification. Finally, it will reveal several interesting opportunities for HWKL that include dispersants, adsorbents, antioxidants, aromatic compounds (chemicals), and additives in briquettes, pellets, hydrogels, carbon fibers and polymer blends and composites. HWKL shows great potential for all these applications, however more R&D is needed to make its utilization economically feasible and reach the levels in the commercial lignin market commensurate with SWKL. The motivation for this critical review is to galvanize further studies, especially increased understandings in the field of HWKL, and hence amplify much greater utilization.

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Section: Lignin Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery

et al. 2020

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“…It was observed that the tensile strength of the composites decreased with lignin loading. The tensile strength of composites also decreased with increasing filler content in thermoplastics, 42 and in biodegradable polymers such as PLA 43,44 and PBS. 10,45 Interestingly, both lignin imparted similar effect on the mechanical properties of the composites.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of high bio‐content polypropylene composites with different industrial lignins

Dias

Sain

Cesarino

et al. 2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Sustainability, eco‐efficiency, pollution prevention, industrial ecology, and green chemistry are considering platform‐based approaches to the development of the next generation of products and processes. Recently, renewable alternatives to traditional petroleum‐derived plastics have motivated recent interest in bio‐based composite materials which can contribute to the reduction of the environmental footprint. Lignin is a complex and amorphous biopolymer with a high density of functional groups and high modulus, which makes it potentially promising for material applications. In this sense, lignin can potentially be employed to improve the performance of materials and an economical alternative to convert lignin into high value‐added materials. Two different types of Kraft lignin were incorporated into polypropylene to fabricate composites with high bio‐content. In this study, polypropylene, Kraft lignin, and coupling agent were subjected to reactive extrusion. The composites prepared by melt processing were compared in terms of morphological, mechanical, and thermal characterizations. The results revealed that the incorporation of lignin into polypropylene matrix resulted in composites with properties suitable for various industrial sectors, especially those in which mechanical and thermal properties are crucial, such as the replacement of engineering plastics and polypropylene mineral filled. As a result, this work provides an effective way of using lignin as a low‐cost bio‐renewable resource in the plastics industry.

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“…Saake et al. found that esterification on lignin was useful to improve the mechanical performance of lignin/HDPE composites, and the longer the alkyl chain segments, the better the compatibility . In addition, the compatibility can be further improved by reducing the lignin particle size .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin‐Reinforced Ethylene‐Propylene‐Diene Copolymer Elastomer via Hydrogen Bonding Interactions

Mei

Liu

Huang

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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It is still a great challenge to prepare lignin/polyolefin composites with good strength and toughness. Inspired by the energy sacrificial mechanism from biomaterials, dynamic hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) are incorporated into the lignin/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) composite system to improve the interfacial interactions between lignin and EPDM. Such H-bonding interactions are demonstrated to be able to simultaneously improve the modulus, strength, and toughness of lignin/EPDM composites without sacrificing the extensibility. This work provides a facile method for the high-valued utilization of lignin in the preparation of high-performance elastomer composites using bio-renewable resources as reinforcing agent.

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Esterification of Kraft lignin as a method to improve structural and mechanical properties of lignin‐polyethylene blends

Cited by 38 publications

References 34 publications

Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery

Insights into the Potential of Hardwood Kraft Lignin to Be a Green Platform Material for Emergence of the Biorefinery

Development of high bio‐content polypropylene composites with different industrial lignins

Lignin‐Reinforced Ethylene‐Propylene‐Diene Copolymer Elastomer via Hydrogen Bonding Interactions

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