Esterification of oleic acid to produce biodiesel catalyzed by sulfonated activated carbon from bamboo

Niu, Shengli; Ning, Yilin; Lu, Chunmei; Han, Kuihua; Yu, Hewei; Zhou, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.02.055

Cited by 107 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, biodiesel production from oleic acid was reported using sulfonated activated carbon from bamboo. 377 A sulfonated carbonaceous material synthesized via single-step hydrothermal sulfonation of glucose has also been used as a catalyst for esterification of waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel. 378 FESEM images of the carbonaceous material (C) (Figure 32a) and the sulfonated carbonaceous material (C-SO3H) (Figure 32b) showed microsphere and microsphere with an attached sulfonic group on the surface respectively.…”

Section: Sulfonated Carbon-based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

Changmai¹,

Vanlalveni²,

Bhagat³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p>An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, carbon-neutral; hence eco-friendly. Despite homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, currently, much attention has been paid to chemically synthesize heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement, easily recovered, thus enhance reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Further, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlighted the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts derived from different chemicals as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details.</p>

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Section: Sulfonated Carbon-based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

Changmai¹,

Vanlalveni²,

Bhagat³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, various acidic carbon‐based catalysts have gained considerable interests owing to their low material cost, good thermal stability and available strong acid sites . They have exhibited excellent catalytic performance for some reactions including esterification, hydrolysis and condensation reactions . Moreover, they also demonstrated to be highly effective catalysts for dehydration of various biomass‐derived sugars to produce down‐stream chemicals due to the strong dehydration ability of acidic functional groups like –SO 3 H –COOH and –OH .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorbitol Cyclodehydration to Isosorbide Catalyzed by Acidic Carbon Obtained from Reaction By‐Product

et al. 2020

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A carbonaceous solid acid catalyst obtained from by‐products of sorbitol dehydration process, was prepared via facile one‐step carbonization and sulfonation method. The results of various characterization technologies showed that as‐prepared acidic carbon bearing ‐SO3H, ‐COOH and ‐OH groups with Brønsted acid sites was effective for solvent‐free dehydration of sorbitol to produce isosorbide. Full complete sorbitol conversion with 72.1% isosorbide yield was achieved at 170 °C after 2 h reaction. Catalyst could be used for three cycles retaining the most of its initial catalytic activity. Importantly, the catalyst and reaction by‐products in this process could be easily recycled and facilely utilized, offering sustainable process in production of isosorbide from sorbitol.

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“…Biodiesel is a potential alternative fuel considered as a credible replacement or supplement to fossil-based fuels in transportation and internal combustion engines (Sani et al, 2013). It is non-toxic, biodegradable, produces less combustion emission, and its usage in internal combustion engines does not require engine modifications (Niu et al, 2018;Ofoefule et al, 2019). Transesterification of triacylglycerides (from plant oils or animal fats or lipids from microalgae) and low molecular weight alcohol (methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst is the most commonly employed technology for biodiesel production (Gardy et al, 2017;Shan et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Studies by Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm and Response Surface Methodology: A Case of Ferric Sulfate–Catalyzed Esterification of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil

et al. 2020

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High free fatty acids (FFA) content in oils poses challenges such as soap formation and difficulty in the separation of by-products in direct transesterification of oil to biodiesel, which is of environmental concern and also increases the cost of production. Thus, in this study, the ferric sulfate-catalyzed esterification of neem seed oil (NSO) with an FFA of 5.84% was investigated to reduce it to the recommended level of ≤1%. The esterification process for the NSO was modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The effect of the pertinent process input variables viz. methanol/NSO molar ratio (10:1–30:1), ferric sulfate dosage (2–6 wt%), and reaction time (30–90 min) and their interactions on the reduction of the FFA of the NSO, were examined using Box Behnken design. The optimal condition for the process for reducing the FFA content of the oil was established using RSM and ANN-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). The results showed that the models developed described the process accurately with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9656 and 0.9908 and the mean relative percent deviation (MRPD) of 6.5 and 2.9% for RSM and ANN, respectively. The ANN-GA established the optimum reduction of FFA of 0.58% with methanol/NSO molar ratio of 18.51, ferric sulfate dosage of 6 wt%, and reaction time of 62.8 min as against the corresponding values of 0.62% FFA, 23.5, 5.03, and 75 min established by the RSM. Based on the statistics considered in the study, ANN and GA outperformed RSM in modeling and optimization of the NSO esterification process.

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Esterification of oleic acid to produce biodiesel catalyzed by sulfonated activated carbon from bamboo

Cited by 107 publications

References 36 publications

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

Widely Used Catalysts in Biodiesel Production: A Review

Sorbitol Cyclodehydration to Isosorbide Catalyzed by Acidic Carbon Obtained from Reaction By‐Product

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization Studies by Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm and Response Surface Methodology: A Case of Ferric Sulfate–Catalyzed Esterification of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Oil

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