Estimated Annual Loads of Selected Organic Contaminants to Chesapeake Bay via a Major Tributary

Jt, Godfrey; Foster, Gary D.; Ka, Lippa

doi:10.1021/es00008a027

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…While stream stage can be measured easily on a relatively continuous basis, sampling and analytical constraints usually allow only infrequent measurement of chemical parameters. Godfrey et al (1995) compared 14 different load estimators using data similar to ours, and found a high degree of uniformity among all methods. Based on their results, we chose to use one of the simplest methods, the discharge ratio:…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 62%

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Nitrate and herbicide loading in two groundwater basins of Illinois' sinkhole plain

Panno

Kelly

2004

Journal of Hydrology

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Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Many different methods for estimating chemical loads in streams have been used (Godfrey et al, 1995). The major limitation in estimating loads is infrequent sampling for the compound(s) of interest.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate and herbicide loading in two groundwater basins of Illinois' sinkhole plain

Panno

Kelly

2004

Journal of Hydrology

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“…In rivers that supply significant PCB loads to water bodies despite discontinued or unknown point sources, the possibility of watershed inputs must be considered. Examples include tributaries to northern Lake Michigan (Marti and Armstrong 1990) and the Susquehana River which drains into Chesapeake Bay (Godfrey et al 1995). Other lakes, such as the Great Lakes, with relatively small watershed areas compared to lake surface area and volume are likely less susceptible to watershed PCB inputs.…”

Section: ϫ6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical cycling of PCBs in lakes of variable trophic status: A paired‐lake experiment

Jeremiason

Eisenreich

Paterson

et al. 1999

Limnology & Oceanography

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A paired whole-lake experiment was conducted on two remote, atmospherically driven lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) to examine the stresses of trophic condition on air-water exchange and settling fluxes of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Lake 227 (L227) and Lake 110 (L110) are similar in volume, surface area, and watershed area but differ significantly in trophic status. The two lakes have similar access to atmospheric PCBs but eutrophic L227 may exhibit enhanced air to water exchange due to greater biotic uptake of dissolved PCBs. ). Greater ⌺PCB settling fluxes in L227 vs. L110 coupled with similar dissolved concentrations after June supports the hypothesis that air-water exchange supports the water column PCB concentrations. Surprisingly, ⌺PCB fugacity gradients in both lakes indicated that net volatilization dominated during the entire ice-free period, requiring another source. A ⌺PCB mass budget in the epilimnion of each lake over the stratified period showed that the major PCB losses were due to settling and volatilization. ⌺PCB settling losses were 2.4 times greater in L227 than in L110 due to higher settling particle fluxes. The mass budgets suggest that the major PCB input to these remote lakes is from the watershed. Our results indicate the intimate environmental linkage between atmospheric, land, and aquatic PCB reservoirs.Two of the greatest problems affecting many freshwater lakes are eutrophication and contamination of fish with organochlorines, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). For example, there are active programs to reduce both nutrient levels and PCB concentrations in several of the Great Lakes. Previous studies suggest there may be important interactions between PCB concentrations and trophic condition (Larsson et al. 1992;Taylor et al. 1991). An understanding of the interactions between trophic condition and PCB concentrations is essential for effective management. This study 1 Current address: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 520 Lafayette Rd., St. Paul, Minnesota 55155.2 To whom correspondence should be addressed (eisenreich@aesop.rutgers.edu). AcknowledgmentsWe thank J. Embury, M. Lyngh, and other staff at ELA for collecting samples. We are thankful to D. Findlay and H. Kling for microscopic analysis of suspended and settling particles. H. Ilse and J. Trepkau provided outstanding laboratory assistance.

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“…Stream export was calculated using the Integration Interpolation method (Godfrey et al, 1995). Briefly, this technique is based on the mean daily flow as determined at the stream gauging station, and an inferred daily concentration interpolated from the weekly grab samples.…”

Section: Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Atmospherically Derived Trace Elements Through an Undeveloped, Forested Maryland Watershed

Scudlark

Rice

Conko

et al. 2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The transmission of atmospherically derived trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) was evaluated in a small, undeveloped, forested watershed located in north-central Maryland. Atmospheric input was determined for wet-only and vegetative throughfall components. Annual throughfall fluxes were significantly enriched over incident precipitation for most elements, although some elements exhibited evidence of canopy release (Mn) or preferential uptake (As, Cr, and Se). Stream export was gauged based on systematic sampling under varied flow regimes. Particle loading appears to contribute significantly to watershed export (>10%) for only As, Pb, and Fe, and then only during large precipitation/runoff events. The degree of watershed transmission for each trace element was evaluated based on a comparison of total, net atmospheric input (throughfall) to stream export over an annual hydrologic cycle. This comparison indicates that the atmospheric input of some elements (Al, Cd, Ni, Zn) is effectively transmitted through the watershed, but other elements (Pb, As, Se, Fe, Cr, Cu) appear to be strongly sequestered, in the respective orders noted. Results suggest that precipitation and subsequent soil pH are the primary factors that determine the mobility of sequestered trace element phases.To further resolve primary atmospheric and secondary weathering components, the geochemical model NETPATH was applied. Results indicate that minerals dissolved include chlorite, plagioclase feldspar, epidote, and potassium feldspar; phases formed were kaolinite, pyrite, and silica. The model also indicates that weathering processes contribute negligible amounts of trace elements to stream export, indicative of the unreactive orthoquartzite bedrock lithology underlying the watershed. Thus, the stream export of trace elements primarily reflects atmospheric deposition to the local watershed.

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Estimated Annual Loads of Selected Organic Contaminants to Chesapeake Bay via a Major Tributary

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Nitrate and herbicide loading in two groundwater basins of Illinois' sinkhole plain

Nitrate and herbicide loading in two groundwater basins of Illinois' sinkhole plain

Biogeochemical cycling of PCBs in lakes of variable trophic status: A paired‐lake experiment

Transmission of Atmospherically Derived Trace Elements Through an Undeveloped, Forested Maryland Watershed

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