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Coquart, Jérémy; Eston, Roger G.; Noakes, Timothy D.; Tourny-Chollet, Claire; L’Hermette, Maxime; Lemaître, Frédéric; Garcin, M.

doi:10.1007/bf03262298

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…In trail running, self-pacing has a major influence on performance (Millet, 2011a). It is well known that self-pacing exercise can be regulated from a complex protective system, including both somatosensory feedback and anticipatory mechanisms that maintain homeostasis and prevent major physiological disturbance (Coquart et al, 2012;Noakes, 2012) or motivational intensity changes (Marcora, 2008). Recently, Kerhervé et al (2015) observed that, during a 106-km mountain trail competition with a total elevation gain and loss of 5870 m, the trailers combined positive pacing strategies (speed decreased from the start until 70% -90% of the total event duration) with an increase of velocity in the last 10% of the event, and an increase in rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in the last 30% of the competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing Factors of Pacing Variations and Performance in a 44-Kilometer Mountain Trail Race

Groslambert¹,

Baron²,

Ouvrard³

et al. 2020

APE

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Objective: This study aimed to analyse the changes in the biomechanical and psychophysiological responses, and the body mass of trailers in a small-distance (44 km and 1520 m elevation gain) trail competition performed in tropical conditions. Methods: Ten trained trailers (8 men, 2 females; age: 42.0 ± 5 years, body mass: 65.57 ± 5.4 kg, height: 174.9 ± 5.9 cm BMI: 21.71 ± 2.1, Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS): 16.6 ± 2.1 km•h −1 ) volunteered to take part in the competition, comprising eight laps of 5.5 km. At the end of each lap, the trailers had to stop for 10 min to perform tests measuring 1) the maximal horizontal force (F0), theoretical maximal running velocity (V0) and maximal power output (PO) during a 30-m sprint; 2) the vertical oscillations and maximal relative force during a 30-s treadmill submaximal run; 3) the perceived exertion and pleasure; and 4) body mass. The pacing, stride variations and heart rate were continuously recorded during the race. Results: The variations of PO (W•kg −1 ) during the 30-m sprint and perceived pleasure were significant (p = 0.003 and p = 0.02, respectively) influencing factors of pacing.A significant decrease (p < 0.0001) was observed for the body mass between the first and last laps. Fraction of MAS and MAS were significantly (p = 0.004 and p = 0.04, respectively) related to the trail performance. Conclusions: Training programmes could be proposed that include the increase of MAS, fraction of MAS and lower limb PO. During the competition, it could be interesting to plan a drinking programme to avoid potential thermoregulatory impairment, as well as psychological strategies to increase plea-How to cite this paper: Groslambert

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing Factors of Pacing Variations and Performance in a 44-Kilometer Mountain Trail Race

Groslambert¹,

Baron²,

Ouvrard³

et al. 2020

APE

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Will the Conscious–Subconscious Pacing Quagmire Help Elucidate the Mechanisms of Self-Paced Exercise? New Opportunities in Dual Process Theory and Process Tracing Methods

et al. 2016

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RUNNING HEAD: CONSCIOUS-SUBCONSCIOUS PACING CONTROL 2 Key PointsThe extent to which athletic pacing is under conscious or subconscious control has been a significant point of discussion and disagreement among researchers in this field, yet has failed to produce notable advances in our understanding of pacing mechanisms.The notion that conscious processes are independent of subconscious, pre-conscious and unconscious influence is conceptually flawed, restricted in theoretical scope and has limited investigative utility.Key terms of conscious, preconscious, subconscious and unconscious are defined and dual process theory, which distinguishes between intuitive and deliberative action, is offered as an alternative framework for investigating the control of athletic pacing. RUNNING HEAD: CONSCIOUS-SUBCONSCIOUS PACING CONTROL3 Abstract A prevailing issue is the extent to which athletic pacing decisions are made consciously or subconsciously. In this article we discuss why the one-dimensional conscioussubconscious debate that has reigned in the pacing literature has suppressed our understanding of the multidimensional processes that occur in pacing decisions: how do we make our decisions in real life competitive situations? What information do we use and how do we respond to opponents? These are questions that need to be explored and better understood, using smartly designed experiments. The paper provides clarity about key conscious, pre-conscious, subconscious and unconscious concepts, terms that have previously been used in conflicting and confusing ways. The potential of dual process theory, in articulating multidimensional aspects of intuitive and deliberative decision-making processes, is discussed in the context of athletic pacing along with associated process-tracing research methods. In attempting to refine pacing models and improve training strategies and psychological skills for athletes, the dual-process framework could be used to gain a clearer understanding of i) the situational conditions for which either intuitive or deliberative decisions are optimal, ii) how intuitive and deliberative decisions are biased by things like perception, emotion and experience, and iii) the underlying cognitive mechanisms such as memory, attention allocation, problemsolving and hypothetical thought. RUNNING HEAD: CONSCIOUS-SUBCONSCIOUS PACING CONTROL4

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Accuracy in Predicting Repetitions to Task Failure in Resistance Exercise: A Scoping Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background: Prescribing repetitions relative to task-failure is an emerging approach to resistance training. Under this approach, participants terminate the set based on their prediction of the remaining repetitions left to task-failure. While this approach holds promise, an important step in its development is to determine how accurate participants are in their predictions. That is, what is the difference between the predicted and actual number of repetitions remaining to task-failure, which ideally should be as small as possible. Objective: Examine the accuracy in predicting repetitions to task-failure in resistance exercises. Design: Scoping review and exploratory meta-analysis. Search and Inclusion: A systematic literature search was conducted with PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar in January 2021. Inclusion criteria included studies with healthy participants who predicted the number of repetitions they can complete to task-failure in various resistance exercises, before or during an ongoing set, which was performed to taskfailure. Sixteen publications were eligible for inclusion, of which 13 publications that cover 12 studies were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 414 participants. Results: The main multilevel meta-analysis model including all effects sizes (262 across 12 clusters) revealed that participants tended to under predict the number of repetitions to task-failure by 0.95 repetitions (95% CIs= 0.17 to 1.73), but with considerable heterogeneity (Q(261)= 3060, p< 0.0001; I 2 = 97.9%). Meta-regressions showed that prediction accuracy slightly improved when the predictions were made closer to set failure (β= -0.025 [95% CIs= -0.05 to

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Estimated Time Limit

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Influencing Factors of Pacing Variations and Performance in a 44-Kilometer Mountain Trail Race

Influencing Factors of Pacing Variations and Performance in a 44-Kilometer Mountain Trail Race

Will the Conscious–Subconscious Pacing Quagmire Help Elucidate the Mechanisms of Self-Paced Exercise? New Opportunities in Dual Process Theory and Process Tracing Methods

Accuracy in Predicting Repetitions to Task Failure in Resistance Exercise: A Scoping Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis

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