Estimates of genetic components and regression analysis for grain yield and various morphological traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Abstract:The present study was conducted to estimate the gentic components and regression analysis for grain yield and various morphological traits in bread wheat involving 10 parents and their 45 F 1 s (half diallel) during 2012-13 and 2013-14. Significant additive (D) and dominance (H 1 ) variance for the traits indicated that expression of these traits is control by both additive and dominance gene action. Average degree of dominance (H 1 /D) 1/2 were more than unity for the traits (peduncle length, flag leaf area, productive tillers, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index) indicating the preponderance of over dominance gene action. The estimates of h 2 were positive and significant for days to ear emergence, peduncle length, productive tillers, biological yield and grain yield indicated dominance of genetic components in F 1 s. Positive and significant values of F were estimated for days to ear emergence, days to 50% flowering, spike length, flag leaf area and grain yield in F 1 s indicating the preponderance of dominance and positive genes in the parents involved. The theoretical value (0.25) of (H 2 /4H 1 ) for all the traits indicated asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes. The proportion of dominant and recessive alleles indicated presence of dominant alleles in the parents. The traits showing more than 30% narrow sanse heritability could be rewarding for further improvement in grain yield in bread wheat. Regression analysis indicated that the traits (days to ear emergence, days to 50% flowering, peduncle length, flag leaf area, productive tillers, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield) control by over dominance type of gene action. The parent RAJ 4246 contained maximum dominant genes for days to ear emergence and days to 50% flowering; HD 2733 for spike length and flag leaf area and HD 2824 for productive tillers, biological yield and grain yield used as donors in multiple traits breeding programme to develop high yielding wheat genotypes.

Genetic analysis for various agromorphological and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

“…For example, genotype PBW 435 for plant height; HD 2967 for days to maturity and plant height; DBW 90 for plant height, spikelets/spike, grains/spike and grain yield; HD 2824 for plant height and spikelets/spike; HD 3095 for spikelets/spike, grains/spike and grain yield and HD 2733 for plant height, days to maturity and grains per spike had good favourable GCA effects. Findings reported by Maloo (2012), Yao et al (2014), Singh et al (2014), Kumar et al (2015), Kumar et al (2016c) and Gautam et al (2016) in wheat confirm this study results. Based on the above results, it is clear that some of the parents are good general combiner and therefore can be used for improving multiple traits simultaneously.…”

“…The value of average degree of dominance (σ 2 s/σ 2 g) for days to maturity, plant height and gluten content indicated partial dominance, whereas spikelets/spike, grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield showed over-dominance. Singh et al (2012), Singh et al (2014), Kumar et al (2015), Kumar et al (2016c) and Gautam et al (2016) reported similar pattern for different yield contributing traits in wheat.…”

“…These combinations may be further exploited through heterosis breeding to improve trait of interest in wheat crop. Reports by Maloo (2012), Yao et al (2014), Singh et al (2014), Kumar et al (2015), Kumar et al (2016c), Kumar et al (2016d) and Gautam et al (2016) for different yield components and gluten contain in wheat were confirmatory.…”

Combining Ability for Earliness, Grain Yield and Its Components in Some Bread Wheat Genotypes Under the Normal and Late Sowing Dates

“…Thus, the results provide evidence for the presence of adequate amount of genetic variability valid for further biometrical assessments. In this respect, significant differences were detected among wheat parents and F 1 crosses for earliness and yield characters by many investigators (Gashaw et al, 2007;Anwar et al, 2009;El-Moselhy, 2009;Sedek, 2009;Rizkalla et al, 2012;Abdallah et al, 2015;Kumar et al, 2015;Ahmad et al, 2016;Hassan et al, 2016;Khan, 2016;Afridi et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2017;Qabil, 2017).…”

Intergeneration correlation and parent-offspring regression in rust resistance derived F4 and F5 generations in bread wheat

“…Similarly, in cross-II, the maximum values were observed for the number of grains/ear, followed by grain weight/ear and grain yield/plant, the number of tillers/plant, harvest index, ear length and plant height, ear weight, and number of spikelets/ear. Kumar et al (2018) reported that the traits showing more than 30% narrow sense heritability could be rewarding for further improvement in grain yield in bread wheat. Response to selection values were high for the number of grains/ear, biological yield/plant and plant height in the progenies derived from the cross-I, whereas for the number of grains/ear, harvest index, biological yield/ plant, grain yield/plant and number of spikelets/ear in the progenies of the cross-II.…”