Estimates of Soil Ingestion by Wildlife

Beyer, W.; Connor, Erin E.; Gerould, Sarah

doi:10.2307/3809405

Cited by 307 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

191

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…AIA concentrations in pasture, soil and faeces were determined according to van Keulen and Young (1977) by two calcinations at 5508C with an intermediate boiling step (15 min) Calculations Soil intake as a proportion of total DM intake was calculated for each triplet of cows (Trial 1) or individually (Trial 2) at each period according to the following equation (Beyer et al, 1994):…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Soil intake of lactating dairy cows in intensive strip grazing systems

Jurjanz

Feidt

Pérez-Prieto

et al. 2012

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Involuntary soil intake by cows on pasture can be a potential route of entry for pollutants into the food chain. Therefore, it appears necessary to know and quantify factors affecting soil intake in order to ensure the food safety in outside rearing systems. Thus, soil intake was determined in two Latin square trials with 24 and 12 lactating dairy cows. In Trial 1, the effect of pasture allowance (20 v. 35 kg dry matter (DM) above ground level/cow daily) was studied for two sward types (pure perennial ryegrass v. mixed perennial ryegrass-white clover) in spring. In Trial 2, the effect of pasture allowance (40 v. 65 kg DM above ground level/cow daily) was studied at two supplementation levels (0 or 8 kg DM of a maize silage-based supplement) in autumn. Soil intake was determined by the method based on acid-insoluble ash used as an internal marker. The daily dry soil intake ranged, between treatments, from 0.17 to 0.83 kg per cow in Trial 1 and from 0.15 to 0.85 kg per cow in Trial 2, reaching up to 1.3 kg during some periods. In both trials, soil intake increased with decreasing pasture allowance, by 0.46 and 0.15 kg in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. In Trial 1, this pasture allowance effect was greater on mixed swards than on pure ryegrass swards (0.66 v. 0.26 kg reduction of daily soil intake between medium and low pasture allowance, respectively). In Trial 2, the pasture allowance effect was similar at both supplementation levels. In Trial 2, supplemented cows ate much less soil than unsupplemented cows (0.20 v. 0.75 kg/day, respectively). Differences in soil intake between trials and treatments can be related to grazing conditions, particularly pre-grazing and post-grazing sward height, determining at least in part the time spent grazing close to the ground. A post-grazing sward height lower than 50 mm can be considered as a critical threshold. Finally, a dietary supplement and a low grazing pressure, that is, high pasture allowance increasing post-grazing sward height, would efficiently limit the risk for high level of soil intake, especially when grazing conditions are difficult. Pre-grazing and post-grazing sward heights, as well as faecal crude ash concentration appear to be simple and practical tools for evaluating the risk for critical soil intake in grazing dairy cows.

show abstract

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil intake in wild animals (Beyer et al, 1994), in sheep (Healy et al, 1967) or in cattle (Healy 1968;Fries et al, 1982) can be estimated from marker techniques such as acidinsoluble ash (AIA). Available literature data on soil intake by cattle on pasture are often old and do not allow easy extrapolation to current grazing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil intake of lactating dairy cows in intensive strip grazing systems

Jurjanz

Feidt

Pérez-Prieto

et al. 2012

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(1)), Fsoil is the soil fraction uptake with food related to total food amount (unitless) and BacF is the oral bioaccessibility factor (unitless). Fsoil values were obtained for wild birds and mammals from Beyer et al (1994) and for sheep from Abrahams and Steigmajer (2003). where Cwater is the concentration of corresponding element in water (mg/L).…”

Section: Calculation Of the Hazard Quotientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening risk assessment tools for assessing the environmental impact in an abandoned pyritic mine in Spain

Moreno-Jiménez

García‐Gómez

Oropesa

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscription This paper describes a new methodology for assessing site-specific environmental impact of contaminants. The proposed method integrates traditional risk assessment approaches with real and variable environmental characteristics at a local scale. Environmental impact on selected receptors was classified for each environmental compartment into 5 categories derived from the whole (chronic and acute) risk assessment using 8 risk levels. Risk levels were established according to three hazard quotients (HQs) which represented the ratio of exposure to acute and chronic toxicity values. This tool allowed integrating in only one impact category all the elements involved in the standard risk assessment. The methodology was applied to an abandoned metal mine in Spain, where high levels of As, Cd, Zn and Cu were detected. Risk affecting potential receptors such as aquatic and soil organisms and terrestrial vertebrates were assessed. Whole results showed that impact to the ecosystem is likely high and further investigation or remedial actions are necessary. Some proposals to refine the risk assessment for a more realistic diagnostic are included.Published by Elsevier B.V.

show abstract

“…As recognized by the USEPA (1993), the incidental ingestion of contaminated sediments by wildlife feeding on aquatic organisms from an area such as the TSMD, along with the inhalation of contaminated dust and any water consumed by the animals either through drinking or while feeding, may represent additional and important routes of exposure; for example, as much as 30% of the diet of sandpipers (Calidris spp.) may be composed of sediment (Beyer, Connor, & Gerould, 1994). Although sediment and water contamination are widespread in the TSMD, none of these latter exposure routes have been incorporated into the screening-level analyses presented here.…”

Section: Metals In Fish and Crayfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Screening-Level Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc in Fish and Crayfish from Northeastern Oklahoma, USA

Schmitt

Brumbaugh

Linder

et al. 2006

Environ Geochem Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to evaluate potential human and ecological risks associated with metals in fish and crayfish from mining in the Tri-States Mining District (TSMD). Crayfish (Orconectes spp.) and fish of six frequently consumed species (common carp, Cyprinus carpio; channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris; largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides; spotted bass, M. punctulatus; and white crappie, Pomoxis annularis) were collected in 2001-2002 from the Oklahoma waters of the Spring River (SR) and Neosho River (NR), which drain the TSMD. Samples from a miningcontaminated site in eastern Missouri and from reference sites were also analyzed. Individual fish were prepared for human consumption in the manner used locally by Native Americans (headed, eviscerated, and scaled) and analyzed for lead, cadmium, and zinc. Whole crayfish were analyzed as composite samples of 5-60 animals. Metals concentrations were typically higher in samples from sites most heavily affected by mining and lowest in reference samples. Within the TSMD, most metals concentrations were higher at sites on the SR than on the NR and were typically highest in common carp and crayfish than in other taxa. Higher concentrations and greater risk were associated with fish and crayfish from heavily contaminated SR tributaries than the SR or NR mainstems. Based on the results of this and previous studies, the human consumption of carp and crayfish could be restricted based on current criteria for lead, cadmium, and zinc, and the consumption of channel catfish could be restricted due to lead. Metals concentrations were uniformly low in Micropterus spp. and crappie and would not warrant restriction, however. Some risk to carnivorous avian wildlife from lead and zinc in TSMD fish and invertebrates was also indicated, as was risk to the fish themselves. Overall, the wildlife assessment is consistent with previously reported This document is a U.S. government work and is not subject to copyright in the United States.biological effects attributed to metals from the TSMD. The results demonstrate the potential for adverse effects in fish, wildlife, and humans and indicate that further investigation of human health and ecological risks, to include additional exposure pathways and endpoints, is warranted.

show abstract

Estimates of Soil Ingestion by Wildlife

Cited by 307 publications

References 36 publications

Soil intake of lactating dairy cows in intensive strip grazing systems

Soil intake of lactating dairy cows in intensive strip grazing systems

Screening risk assessment tools for assessing the environmental impact in an abandoned pyritic mine in Spain

A Screening-Level Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc in Fish and Crayfish from Northeastern Oklahoma, USA

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About