Estimates of suicide mortality in women residents in northeast brazilian states from 1996 to 2018

Dantas, Eder Samuel Oliveira; Farias, Yanna Madsan Fernandes; Rezende, Ezequiel Benigno; Silva, Glauber Weder dos Santos; Silva, Pedro Gilson da; Meira, Karina Cardoso

doi:10.1590/1413-812320212610.29552020

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, in women aged 60 years or more in the Northeastern region, there was an excess of 40% suicides over the entire period investigated, especially from the September/October bimonthly period, or one bimonthly period after the higher value observed in men, adding even more complexity to the challenge of understanding suicide in the region since, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a tendency to an increase in mortality from suicide in women in this region (Dantas et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Orellana

Souza

2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed more than six million direct deaths. Low-and middle-income countries, such Brazil, were severely hit, not only due to direct effects on mortality, but also for its indirect effects on other causes of deaths. Aims: The objective of this study was to estimate the excess suicides in Brazil and evaluate patterns within and between its regions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Method: The observed suicides are gathered from the mortality information system of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The estimates of expected suicides, according to sex, age group, bimonthly period and region, were reached through quasi-Poisson generalized additive models, with adjustment for overdispersion. The analyses were performed in R software, version 3.6.1 and RStudio, version 1.2.1335. Results: From March 2020 to December 2020, 10,409 suicides were observed in Brazil, resulting in an overall decrease of 13%, in comparison to the expected rate for the period. There were excess suicides of 26% in men from the Northern region in the 60 years and more age group, as well as in women from the Northern region in the 30 to 59 years age group in two consecutive bimonthly periods. Excess suicides of 40% was also observed in women in the 60 years and more age group from the Northeastern region. Conclusions: Despite the overall decrease in suicides in Brazil over the period assessed, substantial excess suicides were observed in different age groups and sexes from the Northern and Northeastern regions of the country, which are regions that are historically more prone to health and socioeconomic inequalities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Orellana

Souza

2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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“…Considering the lack of consensus in the literature regarding the best correction method for death records classified as suicide [ 20 – 24 ], in this study, the correction method used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health [ 25 ] was used and applied by Dantas et al . [ 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, to obtain more reliable estimates of mortality according to causes, the application of indirect correction techniques is recommended [13,14]. Considering the lack of consensus in the literature regarding the best correction method for death records classified as suicide [20][21][22][23][24], in this study, the correction method used by the Brazilian Ministry of Health [25] was used and applied by Dantas et al [21].…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of rectifying the records was carried out by two independent researchers and checked by a third party, applying two steps for total suicides. In the first phase, the records of deaths originally classified as suicide were added to the records classified as intoxication or self-intoxication unknown whether intentional or accidental and sequelae of self-inflicted injury, according to age group, year, and region for the period from 1980 to 2019 [21,25]. The next step consisted of correcting the coverage of deaths (underreporting) for males, according to Brazilian regions for the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s, using the correction factors proposed by Lima et al [26].…”

Section: Study Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, death is recorded, but not always its cause, especially in higher socioeconomic classes, where stigma is usually greater and there are practical issues, such as life insurance. Thus, in response to requests from family members, many coroners register death by suicide as an event of undetermined cause [2,[21][22][23][24]. In this study, we sought to minimize these limitations by correcting the records and underreporting of deaths, as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health [25].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of the age-period-cohort effects on male suicide in Brazil from 1980 to 2019

et al. 2023

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Suicide is a complex and multi-determined phenomenon. Higher rates are observed in men and are related to multiple risk factors, including mental disorders, financial crises, unemployment, and easy access to highly lethal means of perpetration, such as firearms. We studied the effects of age, period, and cohort (APC) on total and firearm-related suicides in men in Brazil and its major regions from 1980 to 2019. Death records were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s Mortality Information System. Estimable functions were used to estimate APC models, through the Epi library of the R statistical program, version 4.2.1. During the study period, Brazil had an average rate of 10.22 deaths per 100,000 men. Among regions, rates ranged from 8.62 (Northeast) to 16.93 (South). The same profile was observed in suicides by firearms. After estimating the APC models, we observed a temporal trend of increasing total suicides for Brazil and regions, except for the South region, where the trend was stationary. The trend was downward for firearm suicides for all locations. A positive gradient was observed in the mortality rate with advancing age for total suicides; and peak incidence between 20–29 years, with subsequent stabilization, for suicides perpetrated by firearms. There was a reduction in the risk of death for suicides perpetrated by firearms in relation to the reference period (1995–1999) for all locations, except in the North region, where the effect was not significant. The younger generations from the 1960s onwards had a higher risk of death from total suicide and a lower risk for those perpetrated by firearms in relation to the reference cohort (1950–1954). We observed a reduction in the mortality trend for suicides perpetrated by firearms, a reduction in the risk of death in the 2000s and for men born after 1960. Our results suggest reducing the risk of death from suicide by firearms in Brazil and regions. However, there is an upward trend in mortality from total suicides in the study period (1980–2019) and for younger cohorts.

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Suicide methods among Brazilian women from 1980 to 2019: Influence of age, period, and cohort

Meira,

Guimarães,

Silva

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objective To analyze the effect of age, period, and cohort on suicides among women by hanging, strangulation, suffocation, firearms, and autointoxication in different Brazilian regions from 1980 to 2019. Methods Ecological time-trend study employing estimable functions to estimate APC models, facilitated through the Epi library of the R statistical program, version 4.2.1. Specific rates by age group per 100,00 women and relative risks by period and cohort were estimated using this method. Results Between 1980 and 2019, 49,997 suicides among women were reported using the methods under study. Higher suicide rates per 100,000 women were observed in the South using strangulation and suffocation (2.42), while lower firearm suicide rates were observed in the Northeast (0.13). After adjusting the APC model, there was an increase in age-specific rates with advancing age across all regions for suicides by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation. In contrast, suicides by firearms and autointoxication showed a decrease in rates with advancing age. The period effect indicated an increased risk of suicides by hanging, strangulation (RR >1 and p<0.05) in the five-year intervals of the 2000s in the North, Southeast, and South regions. During the same period, there was an increased risk of suicides by autointoxication in the Southeast, South, and Northeast (RR>1, p<0.05). Suicides by firearms exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the risk of death from 2005 to 2019 in the Southeast and South regions, and from 2005 to 2014 in the Northeast and Midwest. The observed increase in the North region was not statistically significant (RR>1, p>0.05). The cohort effect demonstrated an increased risk of suicides by hanging, strangulation in younger cohorts (RR>1, p<0.05), whereas other methods showed an elevated risk in older cohorts relative to the 1950–1954 generation. Conclusion The results presented here may suggest changes in suicide method preferences between 1980 and 2019.

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Estimates of suicide mortality in women residents in northeast brazilian states from 1996 to 2018

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic

The influence of the age-period-cohort effects on male suicide in Brazil from 1980 to 2019

Suicide methods among Brazilian women from 1980 to 2019: Influence of age, period, and cohort

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