Estimates of the efficiency of transfer of <scp>L</scp>‐histidine from blood to milk when it is the first‐limiting amino acid for secretion of milk protein in the dairy cow

Kim, Chang‐Hyun; Choung, Jai‐Jun; Chamberlain, David G.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.923

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the same cannot be said for calculated AA "imbalances" at the intestinal absorptive site. In most cases an estimated imbalance of AA manifests as increased milk fat content, or a low ratio of protein:fat in milk (Chamberlain et al, 1992;Varvikko et al, 1999;Robinson et al, 2000;Cant et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2001;Weekes et al, 2006) possibly through mechanisms in the mammary gland, such as increased blood flow to maintain milk protein yield, thereby supplying more milk fat precursors to stimulate milk fat yield (Cant et al, 2001;Weekes et al, 2006). It has been suggested that endocrine responses to total AA imbalances can override imperfections in AA profiles in order to maintain milk protein yields (Weekes et al, 2006), although not all of the resulting changes may be deemed positive by dairy farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Canola meal is the second largest protein feed in the Northern latitudes and inclusion levels in dairy rations are expected to increase due to projected large increases in production of canola seed in Canada. However, a recent study (Swanepoel et al. 2014) showed that even though higher inclusions of canola meal (CM) had a positive effect on production when CM directly substituted for high protein corn based dried distillers grains (DDG), that there was an optimum point at 120 to 135 g/kg of diet dry matter (DM) after which animal performance seemed to decline. Only the amino acids (AA), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe) and leucine (Leu) could have limited production based upon plasma AA concentrations at the highest CM inclusion Addition of Phe to the Met supplementation changed the way energy was utilized by the cows, redirecting energy liberated by Met from milk components toward BCS gain. It remains unclear if Phe was limiting in the Control ration or if RP Phe was not fed at high enough levels to have a measurable response on production. However, it is clear that AA limitations, requirements and production responses are governed by much more than plasma AA levels. Results further suggest that AA are bioactive metabolites to the extent that they can change animal performance, even when they are not "limiting" per se, and that their supplementation to practical dairy cattle diets should be approached with extreme caution for this reason.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Swanepoel

Robinson

Erasmus

2015

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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“…Moreover, Leu produced a dosedependent regulation of mTOR and served as a key intracellular regulatory factor of the mTORC1 pathway in CMECs (Moshel et al, 2006;Prizant and Barash, 2008;Appuhamy et al, 2012;Durán and Hall, 2012). Kim et al (2001) found that His was the first limiting factor for milk protein secretion. Some traditional experiments indicated that the perfusion of His promoted milk protein synthesis (Bequette et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In current dairy production systems, an average of 25% of dietary N is captured in milk, which results in approximately 75% of the dietary N being excreted in urine and feces (Hristov et al, 2004;Arriola Apelo et al, 2014b). Feeding animals with low-protein diets (Kalscheur et al, 2006) and supplementation of those deficient EAAs (lysine (Lys), methionine, leucine (Leu), isoleucine, valine, and histidine (His)) may maintain production, which can improve the total N efficiency (Kim et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2010;Appuhamy et al, 2011a;, which is in accordance with Liebig's hypothesis on developing the concept of the order of LAAs. This concept is commonly described by using the analogy of a water barrel with broken staves (Appuhamy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leucine and histidine independently regulate milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells via mTOR signaling pathway

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of leucine (Leu) and histidine (His) on the expression of both the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins and caseins in immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells (CMEC-H), using a single supplement through Western blotting. The Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) was set as the control group and other treatment groups, based on the EBSS, were added with different concentrations of Leu or His, respectively. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the expression of caseins and the phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser Similarly, the His supplementation from 0.15 to 9.60 mmol/L increased the expression of αs2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, P-mTOR (Ser 2481 ), P-Raptor (Ser 792 ), P-S6K1 (Thr 389 ), P-4EBP1 (Thr 37 ), P-eIF4E (Ser 209 ), and P-eEF2 (Thr 56 ) (P<0.01) in CMEC-H, whereas the αs1-casein expression was only reduced at 9.60 mmol/L His, G protein β subunit-like protein (GβL) at 0.15 and 9.60 mmol/L His, and P-RPS6 at 4.80 to 9.60 mmol/L His. Our linear regression model assay suggested that the αs1-casein expression was positively correlated with P-mTOR (P<0.01), P-S6K1 (P<0.01), and P-eEF2 (P<0.01) for the addition of Leu, while the expressions of β-casein (P<0.01) and κ-casein (P<0.01) were positively correlated with P-eEF2 for the addition of His. In conclusion, the milk protein synthesis was up-regulated through activation of the mTOR pathway with the addition of Leu and His in CMEC-H.

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“…On the other hand, intravenous infusion of 9 g . d -1 of histidine reduced the yield of milk protein compared with a lower dose, which implies that histidine given in higher doses was beyond the level that is limiting for milk production and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows (Kim et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of duodenal infusion of histidine on milk yield, milk composition, and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

Hadrová¹,

Křížová²,

Richter³

et al. 2012

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of duodenal infusion of histidine on milk yield, milk composition, and plasma amino acids in lactating dairy cows. In the present experiment, three high-yield lactating Holstein cows fitted with duodenal closed T-shaped cannulas were used. The cows were allocated to two treatments: histidine deficient (control) and histidine supplemented (HIS). The experiment was divided into four periods of 7 d. Each period consisted of a 3-d preliminary period and a 4-d experimental period. A crossover design was used for the experiment. The cows were fed ad libitum a diet consisting of maize silage, lucerne hay, and a supplement mix. Dry matter intake did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. Milk yield and the yields of protein, casein, and lactose were significantly higher in HIS in comparison with the control. The contents of protein, casein, fat, and lactose were not significantly different (P>0.05). The proportions of α-casein and β-casein did not show significant variations (P>0.05), but the κ-casein proportion was significantly higher (P<0.01) in HIS. The yield of each casein fraction in HIS was significantly higher compared with the control. No effect of duodenal infusion of histidine on the concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma was observed (P>0.05) except for histidine (P=0.012).

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Estimates of the efficiency of transfer of L‐histidine from blood to milk when it is the first‐limiting amino acid for secretion of milk protein in the dairy cow

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Effects of ruminally protected methionine and/or phenylalanine on performance of high producing Holstein cows fed rations with very high levels of canola meal

Leucine and histidine independently regulate milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells via mTOR signaling pathway

The effect of duodenal infusion of histidine on milk yield, milk composition, and plasma amino acids in dairy cows

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