Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach

Kirk, Emilie R.; Kessel, Chris van; Horwáth, William R.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121432

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Based on the eddy-covariance determination of carbon loss, Hatala et al ( 2012 ) estimated subsidence in the Twitchell Island rice field at 0.1 to 0.14 cm yr –1 during 2 years. During a 1-year study, Kirk et al ( 2015 ) estimated soil organic matter-nitrogen mineralization rates at four locations in the Twitchell Island rice field and used these with soil carbon:nitrogen ratios to estimate subsidence rates ranging from 0.07 to 0.11 cm yr –1 , in close agreement with results reported by Hatala et al There is uncertainty in these indirect estimates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…In estimating subsidence rates using nitrogen mineralization from peat, Kirk et al ( 2015 ) determined the annual nitrogen budget and by accounting for fertilizer application and plant uptake, calculated the annual mineralized nitrogen as a source to plant nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen from groundwater was estimated in situ using groundwater and soil-water samples in mesocosms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrogen from groundwater was estimated in situ using groundwater and soil-water samples in mesocosms. Kirk et al ( 2015 ) assumed that groundwater nitrogen contributions resulted from mineralization during the year of investigation. Given low hydraulic conductivity and high porosity of the organic soils, groundwater nitrogen likely resulted from mineralization during previous years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heightened recent interest in subsidence mitigation prompted further investigation into rice production on state-owned Twitchell Island in 2009. Micrometeorological data presented by Hatala et al ( 2012 ) and soil nitrogen dynamics reported by Kirk et al ( 2015 ) suggest that rice cultivation will greatly reduce oxidative subsidence in Delta organic soils. Extensometer and leveling data collected in rice fields and an adjacent cornfield are reported here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Present-day oxidative subsidence of organic soils and mitigation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

Deverel¹,

Ingrum²,

Leighton³

2016

Hydrogeol J

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Subsidence of organic soils in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta threatens sustainability of the California (USA) water supply system and agriculture. Land-surface elevation data were collected to assess present-day subsidence rates and evaluate rice as a land use for subsidence mitigation. To depict Delta-wide present-day rates of subsidence, the previously developed SUBCALC model was refined and calibrated using recent data for CO2 emissions and land-surface elevation changes measured at extensometers. Land-surface elevation change data were evaluated relative to indirect estimates of subsidence and accretion using carbon and nitrogen flux data for rice cultivation. Extensometer and leveling data demonstrate seasonal variations in land-surface elevations associated with groundwater-level fluctuations and inelastic subsidence rates of 0.5–0.8 cm yr–1. Calibration of the SUBCALC model indicated accuracy of ±0.10 cm yr–1 where depth to groundwater, soil organic matter content and temperature are known. Regional estimates of subsidence range from <0.3 to >1.8 cm yr–1. The primary uncertainty is the distribution of soil organic matter content which results in spatial averaging in the mapping of subsidence rates. Analysis of leveling and extensometer data in rice fields resulted in an estimated accretion rate of 0.02–0.8 cm yr–1. These values generally agreed with indirect estimates based on carbon fluxes and nitrogen mineralization, thus preliminarily demonstrating that rice will stop or greatly reduce subsidence. Areas below elevations of –2 m are candidate areas for implementation of mitigation measures such as rice because there is active subsidence occurring at rates greater than 0.4 cm yr–1.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Present-day oxidative subsidence of organic soils and mitigation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

Deverel¹,

Ingrum²,

Leighton³

2016

Hydrogeol J

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“…The soils are classified as poorly drained histosols with organic C contents ranging from less than 5 to greater than 25% depending on the degree of oxidation. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been grown on the site since 2009 to test its potential as a regional solution to reduce soil subsidence (Kirk et al, 2015), mitigate GHG emissions, and improve Delta water quality.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A soil carbon proxy to predict CH4 and N2O emissions from rewetted agricultural peatlands

Ye¹,

Espe

Parikh³

et al. 2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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The temporal and spatial variations in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission estimates in wetlands impede our ability to predict and upscale total emissions; thus, a scalar parameter is needed to predict GHG emissions. We investigated the importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the prediction of methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in rewetted agricultural peatlands, positing that both CH 4 and N 2 O production are explained by the quantity and turnover of SOC. Field CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes, along with other edaphic and environmental variables, were monitored in rewetted peatlands with a range of SOC (6%, 11%, and 23%) that were recently converted from row crops to flooded rice cultivation to reverse soil subsidence. Nitrogen (N) fertilization reduced annual CH 4 emission by 77.2% in the 6% C field, but this effect was not found in other fields. Annual N 2 O emissions were not affected by N fertilization and averaged 8.9, 5.2, and 1.9 kg N 2 ON ha-1 for the 6%, 11%, and 23% C fields, respectively. SOC was the dominant factor controlling both CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. The annual emission for both CH 4 and N 2 O was accurately described by a decaying power regression with increasing SOC contents (R 2 > 0.49). This relationship was also observed after splitting total annual emission of CH 4 and N 2 O into growing and fallow seasons. Nitrogen fertilization and the seasonality in CH 4 and N 2 O emissions did not change the relationships. The inverse correlation between SOC and CH 4 and N 2 O emissions was likely caused by different chemical composition of SOC in various soils. Our results suggest that SOC can be a potential proxy to predict CH 4 and N 2 O emissions in rewetted peatlands to better define GHG predictions of wetland restoration efforts.

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Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands

Anthony,

Silver

2023

Biogeochemistry

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Drained agricultural peatlands occupy only 1% of agricultural land but are estimated to be responsible for approximately one third of global cropland greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent studies show that greenhouse gases fluxes from agricultural peatlands can vary by orders of magnitude over time. The relationship between these hot moments (individual fluxes with disproportionate impact on annual budgets) of greenhouse gas emissions and individual chamber locations (i.e. hot spots with disproportionate observations of hot moments) is poorly understood, but may help elucidate patterns and drivers of high greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatland soils. We used continuous chamber-based flux measurements across three land uses (corn, alfalfa, and pasture) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of soil greenhouse gas emissions from temperate agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. We found that the location of hot spots of emissions varied over time and were not consistent across annual timescales. Hot moments of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were more evenly distributed across space than methane (CH4). In the corn system, hot moments of CH4 flux were often isolated to a single location but locations were not consistent across years. Spatiotemporal variability in soil moisture, soil oxygen, and temperature helped explain patterns in N2O fluxes in the annual corn agroecosystem but were less informative for perennial alfalfa N2O fluxes or CH4 fluxes across ecosystems, potentially due to insufficient spatiotemporal resolution of the associated drivers. Overall, our results do not support the concept of persistent hot spots of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in these drained agricultural peatlands. Hot moments of high flux events generally varied in space and time and thus required high sample densities. Our results highlight the importance of constraining hot moments and their controls to better quantify ecosystem greenhouse gas budgets.

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Estimating Annual Soil Carbon Loss in Agricultural Peatland Soils Using a Nitrogen Budget Approach

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Present-day oxidative subsidence of organic soils and mitigation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

Present-day oxidative subsidence of organic soils and mitigation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA

A soil carbon proxy to predict CH4 and N2O emissions from rewetted agricultural peatlands

Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands

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