Estimating between- and within-individual variation in cortisol levels using multilevel models

Hruschka, Daniel J.; Kohrt, Brandon A.; Worthman, Carol M.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.03.002

Cited by 275 publications

(261 citation statements)

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“…To account for individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity, pre-stress values were compared with maximal (peak) values during the task and post-task values for each individual for heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Kaye et al, 2004;Hruschka, Kohrt, & Worthman, 2005;Wetherell et al, 2006) and were assessed across the three workload intensities using two way (low, medium, high intensity X pre, peak, post value) repeated measures analysis of variance. Pre-post differences in mood parameters were assessed across the three workload intensities using two-way (low, medium and high intensity X pre-post stress) repeated measures analysis of variance.…”

Section: Treatment Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the relatively small sample size in the current study, a single measure of reactivity for each of the cardiovascular variables was, therefore, calculated. Individual peak responses are also considered appropriate as they allow for the interpretation of within-individual variation in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 stress responding (Hruschka et al, 2005). This is especially important given the capacity for individual differences in responding to the multitasking framework, where demand may not be consistent throughout a session.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Multitasking Framework: The Effects of Increasing Workload on Acute Psychobiological Stress Reactivity

Wetherell

Carter

2013

Stress and Health

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Citation: Wetherell, Mark and Carter, Kirsty (2014) The multitasking framework: the effects of increasing workload on acute psychobiological stress reactivity. Stress and Health, 30 (2 Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University's research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html This document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher's website (a subscription may be required.) RESEARCH ARTICLEThe Abstract A variety of techniques exist for eliciting acute psychological stress in the laboratory; however, they vary in terms of their ease of use, reliability to elicit consistent responses and the extent to which they represent the stressors encountered in everyday life. There is, therefore, a need to develop simple laboratory techniques that reliably elicit psychobiological stress reactivity that are representative of the types of stressors encountered in everyday life. The multitasking framework is a performance-based, cognitively demanding stressor, representative of environments where individuals are required to attend and respond to several different stimuli simultaneously with varying levels of workload. Psychological (mood and perceived workload) and physiological (heart rate and blood pressure) stress reactivity was observed in response to a 15-min period of multitasking at different levels of workload intensity in a sample of 20 healthy participants. Multitasking stress elicited increases in heart rate and blood pressure, and increased workload intensity elicited dose-response increases in levels of perceived workload and mood. As individuals rarely attend to single tasks in real life, the multitasking framework provides an alternative technique for modelling acute stress and workload in the laboratory.

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Section: Treatment Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multitasking Framework: The Effects of Increasing Workload on Acute Psychobiological Stress Reactivity

Wetherell

Carter

2013

Stress and Health

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“…Analytically, these measures represent interrelated but distinct aspects of the psychobiology of stress and the stress response: i.e., the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system (64)(65)(66)88). Salivary analytes such as these are increasingly used to assess psychosomatic stress in non-WEIRD contexts, thus providing both methods and interpretive frameworks for our own research (9,16,69,(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95). Alongside the two physiological analytes, we also elicited responses from Sahariya to the Bradford Somatic Index (BSI) (96), a psychiatric scale validated to capture mental health disorders among South Asian populations.…”

Section: Research Hypotheses and Analytical Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and telomere shortening among central Indian conservation refugees

Zahran

Snodgrass

Maranon

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Research links psychosocial stress to premature telomere shortening and accelerated human aging; however, this association has only been demonstrated in so-called "WEIRD" societies (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic), where stress is typically lower and life expectancies longer. By contrast, we examine stress and telomere shortening in a non-Western setting among a highly stressed population with overall lower life expectancies: poor indigenous people-the Sahariya-who were displaced (between 1998 and 2002) from their ancestral homes in a central Indian wildlife sanctuary. In this setting, we examined adult populations in two representative villages, one relocated to accommodate the introduction of Asiatic lions into the sanctuary (n = 24 individuals), and the other newly isolated in the sanctuary buffer zone after their previous neighbors were moved (n = 22). Our research strategy combined physical stress measures via the salivary analytes cortisol and α-amylase with self-assessments of psychosomatic stress, ethnographic observations, and telomere length assessment [telomere-fluorescence in situ hybridization (TEL-FISH) coupled with 3D imaging of buccal cell nuclei], providing high-resolution data amenable to multilevel statistical analysis. Consistent with expectations, we found significant associations between each of our stress measures-the two salivary analytes and the psychosomatic symptom survey-and telomere length, after adjusting for relevant behavioral, health, and demographic traits. As the first study (to our knowledge) to link stress to telomere length in a non-WEIRD population, our research strengthens the case for stress-induced telomere shortening as a pancultural biomarker of compromised health and aging.telomeres | stress | India | indigenous peoples | human displacement P sychosocial stress is associated with elevated risk for a range of human diseases and curtailment of human life expectancy (1-16). Telomeres-repetitive and stabilizing features of chromosomal termini that cap and protect them-have also been shown to be associated with aging and disease (17)(18)(19). Telomere length erodes normally with cell division and generally with aging, triggering cellular senescence once telomere length eclipses a threshold, contributing to tissue degeneration and organ decline with longevity (20-25). Given evidence that stress can elevate the risk of human mortality, and that premature telomere shortening can serve as a proxy for increased risk of disease and mortality, it is reasonable to posit that stress is also associated with telomere shortening (23,26,27). Indeed, research provides evidence of telomere shortening in a range of stress-inducing life situations, including among primary caregivers of chronically ill children and Alzheimer's patients (28, 29), children spending more time in orphanages or experiencing other forms of neglect and adversity (30-32), women suffering from intimate partner violence (33), patients suffering from stress-related mood disorders (34, 35), and...

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“…Height for age (HAZ) represents cumulative growth Salivary cortisol. Participants contributed morning samples over 7-10 consecutive days to derive a representative estimate of morning HPA activity (Hruschka et al, 2005), having been habituated to saliva collection by a previous week-long round of daily collection not considered in the present analysis. They were met at prespecified locations, and asked to rinse their mouth with water, wait 15 min for equilibration, and collect unstimulated 2.5 ml saliva into calibrated Sterilin vials pretreated with sodium azide (one drop 2% aqueous solution [wt/ vol], dried).…”

Section: Biomarkers and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeless street children in Nepal: Use of allostatic load to assess the burden of childhood adversity

Worthman

Panter‐Brick

2008

Dev Psychopathol

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Estimating between- and within-individual variation in cortisol levels using multilevel models

Cited by 275 publications

References 50 publications

The Multitasking Framework: The Effects of Increasing Workload on Acute Psychobiological Stress Reactivity

The Multitasking Framework: The Effects of Increasing Workload on Acute Psychobiological Stress Reactivity

Stress and telomere shortening among central Indian conservation refugees

Homeless street children in Nepal: Use of allostatic load to assess the burden of childhood adversity

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