Estimating binary liquid composition from density and refractive index measurements: A comprehensive review of mixing rules

Pretorius, Franco; Focke, Walter Wilhelm; Androsch, René; Toit, E. Du

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115893

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Although N av,x is the physically adequate quantity for spectroscopic evaluations, a comparison with the quantity N av,v is useful because the alternative application of both quantities allows a detailed insight into the physical properties of the solvent mixture [64] . In a later publication we will show that this can be very informative in explaining the influences of different solvation phases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Empirical Hydrogen Bonding Donor (HBD) Parameters of Organic Solvents Using Solvatochromic Probes – A Critical Evaluation

Spange

Weiß

2023

ChemPhysChem

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The solvatochromicity of established solvatochromic UV/Vis probes, which appear to be sensitive to the so-called hydrogen bond donor (HBD) property of the solvent, is analysed using the hydroxyl group density of alcoholic solvents D HBD as a physical parameter in comparison to the pKa, the chemical benchmark for acidity. Reichardt's dye B30, Kosowers Z-indicator 1-ethyl-4-(methoxycarbonyl) pyridinium iodide (K), Kamlet-Tafts α, Dragos S parameter, Catalans SA scale, the cis-dicyano-bis (1,10phenanthroline) iron II complex (Schilt's Ferrocyphen dye, Fe) and Gutmann's acceptor number (AN) have been investigated. The observed dependencies of the empirical polarity parameters as a function of D HBD for several alcoholic solvent families requires a ompletely new physicochemical understanding of these established HBD parameters. Only the AN scale (or Fe) is able to bridge the gap between global polarity and acidity, provided the values are interpreted correctly and applied accordingly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Empirical Hydrogen Bonding Donor (HBD) Parameters of Organic Solvents Using Solvatochromic Probes – A Critical Evaluation

Spange

Weiß

2023

ChemPhysChem

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“…Since the composition of a mixture typically includes constituents belonging to different classes of compounds, a model suitable to adequately describe its refractive index must take into account a specific type of molecular interactions and specific mixing rules between the constituents. For example, it is known that a molar volume, V, of an idealized binary solution should follow the linear relation involving molar fractions of both elements, φ 1,2 , their molar masses, m 1,2 , and molar densities, ρ 1,2 , [27]:…”

Section: Theoretical Model Of the Refractive Index Of Gasoline Admixt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) (b) Numerous other mixing rules can be found in the literature [28,29]. For example, the Lorentz-Lorenz mixing rule, given by Equation (7), is known to be particularly suitable for the description of binary solutions of organic solvents [27,30,31].…”

Section: Theoretical Model Of the Refractive Index Of Gasoline Admixt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Time-of-Flight Method of Gasoline Contamination Detection Down to ppm Levels by Means of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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In this article, we present the possibility of using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to detect trace, ppm-level (%wt.) concentrations of admixtures in 95-octane lead-free gasoline in straightforward time-of-flight (pulse-delay) measurements performed directly in the liquid. The method was tested on samples containing 75–0.0125% of isopropanol and 0.3–0.0250% of water. The detection limits for isopropanol and water content were determined to be 125 ppm and 250 ppm, respectively, approaching the limits of much more complicated and time-consuming methods (like spectroscopy of the vapor phase). The measured pulse delays were compared with theoretical calculations using the modified Gladstone-Dale mixing rule for the solutions. The comparison demonstrated good agreement for gasoline-alcohol mixtures and large discrepancies for gasoline-water mixtures, suggesting that gasoline-water mixtures cannot be considered idealized binary mixtures. Our results clearly show that the pulse time delay measurement by THz-TDS is a fast and sensitive method of gasoline contamination detection and, as such, can be easily integrated with industrial online real-time quality control applications.

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“…In particular, the molar refractive index of the AOI-UV is higher than -C-C-because of the large amount of -C-N< bonds contained in the isocyanate modification [57], which also increases the hydrogen bond density of the resin and results in a higher refractive index of AOI-UV relative to EA-UV.…”

Section: The Structure Of Arcs Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Refractive Index Diphenyl Sulfide Photopolymers for Solar Cell Antireflection Coatings

Zhang

Song

et al. 2022

Energies

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The anti-reflection film can effectively reduce the surface reflectivity of solar photovoltaics, increase the transmittance of light, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The high refractive index coating is an important part of the anti-reflection film. However, the traditional metal oxide coating has poor stability and complicated processes. To address this issue, we prepared two organic high refractive index (HRI) photopolymers by modifying epoxy acrylic acid with 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol, which can be surface patterned by nanoimprinting to prepare antireflection coatings. As a result, two modified photopolymers with high refractive index (n > 1.63), high optical transmittance (T > 95%), and thermal stability (Tg > 100 °C) are obtained after curing. In particular, the diphenyl sulfide photopolymer modified by ethyl isocyanate acrylate has a refractive index up to 1.667 cured by UV light. Our work confirms that the organic HRI photopolymer can be obtained by introducing high molar refractive index groups, with potential to be applied as a PV cell power conversion efficiency material.

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Estimating binary liquid composition from density and refractive index measurements: A comprehensive review of mixing rules

Cited by 30 publications

References 58 publications

Empirical Hydrogen Bonding Donor (HBD) Parameters of Organic Solvents Using Solvatochromic Probes – A Critical Evaluation

Empirical Hydrogen Bonding Donor (HBD) Parameters of Organic Solvents Using Solvatochromic Probes – A Critical Evaluation

Ultrafast Time-of-Flight Method of Gasoline Contamination Detection Down to ppm Levels by Means of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy

High Refractive Index Diphenyl Sulfide Photopolymers for Solar Cell Antireflection Coatings

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