Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from ships on four ports of Georgia from 2010 to 2018

Tokuşlu, Aydın

doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09169-w

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several publications scientifically research the problem of GHG emissions from the combustion of fuel oil in maritime vessels (Kokosalakis et al, 2020). Tokuslu (2021) examined the GHG emissions from maritime vessels in four of Georgia's main ports using the bottom-up approach. Kramel et al (2021) presented a bottom-up evaluation of GHGs and aerosol emissions from the shipping industry.…”

Section: Review Of Methodologies and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of greenhouse gas emissions baseline and identification of carbon offset cost for maritime vessels of a developing country

Semab

Iqbal²,

Amir³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Maritime transportation has drawn international attention due to the gradual rise and projected growth of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions resulting from fossil fuel consumption. It is alarming that the overall maritime transportation emissions are neither attended to nor mainstreamed under the transportation sector. The actual national inventory of GHG emissions vis-à-vis all types/sizes of maritime vessels is so far not established particularly in developing countries, which clearly indicates the inadequacy of their climate mitigation response. Accurate assessment of GHGs is essential to provide reliable input for climate policy, strategies, and decision-making processes by flag states. Therefore, the establishment of a baseline reference scenario by considering all types/sizes of maritime vessels is crucial to know the actual gravity of the problem, which is still unknown. This entailed the need to explore the actual extent of GHG emissions from the maritime transportation sector. In this context, the present study tried to assess the potential GHG emissions from maritime vessels by undertaking the case of Pakistan and using the top-down approach, which took into account fuel consumption and emission factors for GHGs. It revealed that 2,468,789.21 tonnes of GHGs (CO2e) are being emitted annually from the maritime vessels of Pakistan, which is 4.9% of the overall transport sector emissions of the country. Carbon offset cost of 37, 031, 838.14 US$/annum and approximately 20,020 hectares of mature mangrove forest to remove 2,468,789.21 metric tonnes of CO2e emissions from the atmosphere in a timeline of 1 year are required to become carbon neutral. It is anticipated that this study’s outcome will serve as a baseline reference scenario for national GHG inventory and help in devising climate mitigation responses for maritime vessels by bridging the existing knowledge gap.

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Section: Review Of Methodologies and Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of greenhouse gas emissions baseline and identification of carbon offset cost for maritime vessels of a developing country

Semab

Iqbal²,

Amir³

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Entec UK Limited is a company assigned by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra, UK) to develop a systematic atmospheric emissions inventory on the basis of ship movements in the waters surrounding England. Since Turkey does not have its own emission inventory, Entec's, which is accepted to be used in many studies, was also used in this study 84,90–98 . The last report published by this institution on ship emissions is dated 2010.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating exhaust gas emissions of yachts: Example of Turgutreis D‐Marin

Danacı

Yıldırım

2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Yachts emit harmful gases to human health and the environment into the atmosphere and marinas and surrounding vicinity are the most affected regions by these pollutants. This study applied a bottom‐up approach involving emission factors to make an anthropogenic emissions inventory of yachts and to offer solutions for reducing emissions by investigating the NMVOC, NOx, NH3, CO, and PM emissions from 2002 yacht movements between June 1 and August 31, 2019 at Turgutreis D‐Marin in Bodrum Turkey. These emissions are categorized based on yacht operation modes and types. Quarterly yachting emissions are estimated as 3099 tons for NMVOC, 0.003 tons for NH3, 14,526 tons for NOx, 1896 tons for PM, and 15,576 tons for CO.

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“…The rest of the 3 ports (Gerze Port, Kefken Port, and Ordu Port) were disregarded since we couldn't reach the data, these ports have less than 50 ship movements in a year and their quantity will not affect the result of the study. The other 5 of the ports (Samsun port, port of Zonguldak, Trabzon port, port of Bartın and port of Ereğli) were investigated by Tokuslu (2020aTokuslu ( , 2020bTokuslu ( , 2020cTokuslu ( , 2020dTokuslu ( , 2021. Maritime trade in the Turkish Black Sea ports generally is carried out with general cargo and tanker ships.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also local emission studies for the Black Sea ports, and these studies highlight that emissions generated from ships may negatively affect people's health, cause illness, and disturb the quality of life of people living in the harbour area. Florin and Cosofret (2013) estimated the port emissions for the port of Constanta, Alver et al (2018) investigated the emissions from shipping in the Samsun Port in Turkey, the effects of emissions from ships visiting the Turkish ports (Zonguldak, Trabzon, Eregli, and Bartın) in the Black Sea have been investigated in detail (Tokuslu, 2020a(Tokuslu, , 2020b(Tokuslu, , 2020c(Tokuslu, , 2020d. The study aims to analyse shipping emissions generated from ships visiting the 10 Turkish ports located at the Black Sea and to explore their share in international shipping emissions in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions

Tokuşlu¹

2022

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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The Black Sea is the crossroads for many nations and the economic interests of numerous countries. The ports in the Black Sea are the most important economic activity centres where the Black Sea countries carry out their import and export activities. In this paper, shipping emissions generated from ships visiting the 10 Turkish ports located in the Black Sea were estimated and their ratio in shipping emissions in the Black Sea region was evaluated. Total emissions from ships in the studied ports were estimated as 4.949 t y -1 for NOX, 280.498 t y -1 for CO2, 2.059 t y -1 for SO2, 197 t y -1 for VOC, 260 t y -1 for PM for 2018 based on ship activity-based method. General cargo and tanker ships were responsible for 92% of the total ship-borne emissions in the region, and chemicals, bulk carrier, passenger/ro-ro cargo, and other ships such as tugs, barge, multi-purpose ships, yachts, warships follow it. Emissions produced from ships were mainly emitted at cruising mode (84%), followed by hotelling mode (15%). The environmental cost of the port emissions for each pollutant was estimated as $61,5 million and $6.164 per ship call. Black Sea shipping emissions were 2,5% of the total international shipping emissions and shipping emissions from Turkish ports constitute 6-7% of PM, 14% of CO2, 6-14% of SO2, and 11-20% of NOX emissions of Black Sea emissions. The Black Sea region should be declared as an emission control area/sulphur emission control area to reduce shipping emissions. This is the first study to estimate Turkish port emissions in the Black Sea.

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Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from ships on four ports of Georgia from 2010 to 2018

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Development of greenhouse gas emissions baseline and identification of carbon offset cost for maritime vessels of a developing country

Development of greenhouse gas emissions baseline and identification of carbon offset cost for maritime vessels of a developing country

Investigating exhaust gas emissions of yachts: Example of Turgutreis D‐Marin

Analysing Shipping Emissions of Turkish Ports in the Black Sea and Investigating Their Contributions to Black Sea Emissions

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