Estimating Grizzly Bear Distribution and Abundance Relative to Habitat and Human Influence

Apps, Clayton D.; McLellan, Bruce N.; Woods, John; Proctor, Michael F.

doi:10.2193/0022-541x(2004)068[0138:egbdaa]2.0.co;2

Cited by 175 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Males and females have intra and inter-sexually overlapping home ranges (Dahle and Swenson 2003) and dispersal primarily occurs by males, while females typically are philopatric (Swenson et al 1998). Brown bear is highly dependent on large landscapes with low human-footprint and large extents of forest cover (Clevenger et al 1997, Apps et al 2004, Mateo-Sánchez et al 2014a. The brown bear population in the Cantabrian Range suffered a dramatic decline in the last several centuries as a result of human persecution and progressive loss and fragmentation of its habitat (Naves et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating effective landscape distances and movement corridors: comparison of habitat and genetic data

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Resistance models provide a key foundation for landscape connectivity analyses and are widely used to delineate wildlife corridors. Currently, there is no general consensus regarding the most effective empirical methods to parameterize resistance models, but habitat data (species' presence data and related habitat suitability models) and genetic data are the most widely used and advocated approaches. However, the practical consequences of applying one or the other approach have not been well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a comparative study on the implications of using habitat suitability versus genetic data for determining effective landscape distances (a proxy inversely related to isolation among patches) based on least-cost and circuit-theoretic approaches, and for identifying potential movement corridors. For our comparison, we used data for the Cantabrian brown bear in Spain, an endangered population for which connectivity has been identified as a major conservation concern. Our results show that for brown bears, habitat models tend to overestimate resistance to movement through non-optimal areas, whereas genetic data yield higher estimates of effective distances within habitat areas. Therefore, our results suggest that (1) dispersal might be generally less constrained by landscape conditions than habitat utilization in home ranges, and that (2) dispersing animals might be more flexible in their movement behavior than residents are in their habitat resource utilization behavior, with records for residents dominating species occurrence data and subsequent habitat models. The assessed approaches provided dissimilar connectivity models with notable differences in patterns of predicted corridors across the study area, mainly due to differences in predicted connections between subpopulations. Our results highlight that the functional differences in habitat vs. genetic data, as well as the assumptions and potential limitations of different analytical approaches that use these data, need to be considered more carefully in connectivity modeling and subsequent corridor delineation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating effective landscape distances and movement corridors: comparison of habitat and genetic data

et al. 2015

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“…The spatiotemporal variation of densities of wild populations is an important parameter to evaluate their ecological needs (Apps et al 2004) and dynamics (Kruuk et al 1999;Forchammer et al 2002;Angulo et al 2007), as well as their potential impacts on ecosystems (Putman and Moore 1998;Stockton et al 2005). A comparison of densities of species living in sympatry can help in understanding interspecific interactions (Latham et al 1997;Forsyth and Hickling 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roe and fallow deer: are they compatible neighbours?

et al. 2011

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The analysis of the relationships between population density and habitat features is important to evaluate the ecological needs of a species, its potential impact on ecosystems and its interspecific interactions. We analysed the spatial variation of roe deer Capreolus capreolus and fallow deer Dama dama densities in a Mediterranean area in summer 2007 and winter 2007/2008. Previous research has shown that fallow deer can actively displace and exclude roe deer from natural feeding sites. Here we show that both species have the greatest densities in ecotone habitats between wood and open fields (abandoned olive groves and pastures), but with contrasting geographic patterns. The fallow deer showed the greatest densities in the central northern part of the study area near to local historical release sites. The densities of roe deer were great where fallow deer were rare and low where fallow deer were abundant. Spatial overlap was great at the habitat scale, indicating a high potential for competition, but was low at the plot scale, suggesting that partitioning of space occurred at a fine scale. Supporting great numbers of deer, the ecotone areas are crucial for the management of ecosystems. We suggest that roe deer avoid areas with great densities of fallow deer and that interspecific interference from the latter affects the density and distribution of the former both at a fine and at a large scale.

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“…Caribou populations across Canada have drastically declined where resource development has occurred (Vors et al 2007;Seip 2008;Sorensen et al 2008;Boutin et al 2012). Grizzly bears often are not adversely affected directly from resource development in the short term (McKay et al 2014;McLellan 2015), but can be adversely affected by the increase in human presence and activities that result from long-term cumulative effects of resource development across broad landscapes (Apps et al 2004;Linke et al 2005;Ciarniello et al 2007;McLellan 2015). Contrasting with wide-ranging species such as caribou and grizzly bears, Stone's sheep and mountain goats show strong fidelity to small specific areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential conflict between future development of natural resources and high-value wildlife habitats in boreal landscapes

Suzuki

Parker

2016

Biodivers Conserv

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We used the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area in northeast British Columbia, Canada as a case study to determine potential conflicts between future resource development and high-value habitats of large mammals in an undeveloped boreal landscape. More than 50 % of high-value habitats for caribou, moose, elk, wolves and grizzly bears were located in Special Resource Management Zones, where natural resource developments could occur. We developed geographic information system (GIS) layers of potential forest resources, oil and gas, minerals, wind power, all resources combined, and roads; and quantified the proportions of high-value habitats overlapping these potentials. Greater proportions of high-value habitats across seasons for moose, elk, and wolves overlapped areas with high cumulative resource potential (winter, 49-70 %, growing season, 35-63 %) more than for three other species (grizzly bears, Stone's sheep, mountain goats). This pattern was similar for forest resources, oil and gas, wind power, and roads. Caribou were more seasonally influenced. The proportions of their high-value habitat in areas with high cumulative resource potential (winter, 53 %, growing season, 16 %), as well as high forest and oil and gas potentials, were greatest in winter; in contrast, overlap with high mineral potential was greatest during the growing season. We recommend a quantitative and visual GIS approach to scenario planning in the Muskwa-Kechika to maintain the abundance and diversity of wildlife populations there. Resource development would likely increase early seral habitats, presumably benefiting moose, elk, and wolves, but could adversely affect caribou and grizzly bears through habitat loss and increased access.

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Estimating Grizzly Bear Distribution and Abundance Relative to Habitat and Human Influence

Cited by 175 publications

References 43 publications

Estimating effective landscape distances and movement corridors: comparison of habitat and genetic data

Estimating effective landscape distances and movement corridors: comparison of habitat and genetic data

Roe and fallow deer: are they compatible neighbours?

Potential conflict between future development of natural resources and high-value wildlife habitats in boreal landscapes

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