Estimating Lengths of Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Ilahi, Omer A.; Staewen, R. Scott; Stautberg, Eugene; Qadeer, Ali A.

doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2018.03.031

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The major diameter of the tendon in the mediolateral direction for each axial slice was recorded to express tendon width. The distal musculo-tendinous junction and the tibial insertions were identified and marked to calculate the tendon length as previously described (Ilahi et al 2018). Figure 2 shows a typical example of MRI in one of the participants, who showed no regeneration in the harvested tendons.…”

Section: Morphological Examination Of Thigh Muscles and Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Superimposed NMES Training is Effective to Improve Strength and Function Following ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft regardless of Tendon Regeneration

Labanca¹,

Rocchi²,

Giannini³

et al. 2022

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The study aimed at investigating the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation superimposed on functional exercises (NMES+) early after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) with hamstring graft, on muscle strength, knee function, and morphology of thigh muscles and harvested tendons. Thirty-four participants were randomly allocated to either NMES+ group, who received standard rehabilitation with additional NMES of knee flexor and extensor muscles, superimposed on functional movements, or to a control group, who received no additional training (NAT) to traditional rehabilitation. Participants were assessed 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), 90 (T4) and at a mean of 380 days (T5) after ACLr. Knee strength of flexors and extensors was measured at T3, T4 and T5. Lower limb loading asymmetry was measured during a sit-to-stand-to-sit movement at T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, and a countermovement-jump at T4 and T5. An MRI was performed at T5 to assess morphology of thigh muscles and regeneration of the harvested tendons. NMES+ showed higher muscle strength for the hamstrings (T4, T5) and the quadriceps (T3, T4, T5), higher loading symmetry during stand-to-sit (T2, T3, T4, T5), sit-to-stand (T3, T4) and countermovement-jump (T5) than NAT. No differences were found between-groups for morphology of muscles and tendons, nor in regeneration of harvested tendons. NMES+ early after ACLr with hamstring graft improves muscle strength and knee function in the short- and long-term after surgery, regardless of tendon regeneration.

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Section: Morphological Examination Of Thigh Muscles and Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Superimposed NMES Training is Effective to Improve Strength and Function Following ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft regardless of Tendon Regeneration

Labanca¹,

Rocchi²,

Giannini³

et al. 2022

jsportscimed

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“…Multiple studies have documented methods to determine the size of graft types before surgery. 6,16,24,29,36 This information should be used to determine the available tendon sizes to establish whether harvest of that tendon type is feasible before surgery. 29 Combined with knowledge of the length of the native ACL that needs to be restored, the adequate graft could be estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Anterior Cruciate Ligament Length and Femoral Epicondylar Width Measured on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Radiograph

Zyl

Schoor

Toit

et al. 2020

Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation

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Purpose: To determine whether femoral epicondylar width (FECW) obtained from either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or plain radiographs could be used to predict anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) length. A secondary purpose was to develop a formula to use maximum FECW on either MRI or plain radiographs to estimate ACL length preoperatively. Methods: The MRIs and radiographs of 40 patients (mean age 41.0 years), with no apparent knee pathology, surgery, or trauma were included. The ACL length was measured on MRI followed by FECW on both MRI and radiograph of the same patient. This allowed the development of equations able to predict ACL length according to the FECW measured on either an MRI or radiograph. Results: The mean ACL length was 40.6 AE 3.6 mm. FECW measured on both MRIs and radiographs was sufficient to predict ACL length. Pearson's correlations revealed a high positive relationship between ACL length and FECW on MRI (r ¼ 0.89, P < .0001) and ACL length and FECW on radiograph (r ¼ 0.83, P < .0001). The coefficient of determination (R 2) was calculated to be MRI: R 2 ¼ 0.78 and radiograph: R 2 ¼ 0.68 and confirmed that FECW measured on both MRI and radiograph were sufficient to predict ACL length. Based on these models, ACL length can be predicted by FECW using the following formulas: MRI: ACL length ¼ 0.47 (FECW) þ 1.93 and radiograph: ACL length ¼ 0.31 (FECW) þ 11.33. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that FECW measured on either MRI or anteroposterior radiograph could reliably estimate ACL length on a sagittal MRI. There was a high positive relationship between ACL length and FECW on both MRI and radiographs, although MRIs do predict ACL length more reliably. Clinical Relevance: Preoperative ACL length assessment, using FECW on MRI or radiograph, is useful in graft selection and in preventing inadequate graft harvesting for ACL reconstruction, especially if an individualized anatomical approach is pursued.

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“…Similarly, CSA measurements of tendon graft using MRI have been shown to correlate with final graft CSA in ACL reconstruction [61, 62, 77–81]. Tendon-only length was also shown to correlate with the intraoperative tendon-only length of gracilis and semitendinosus tendons [82], while no correlation has been reported between preoperative diameter measurements and the final diameter [80]. The majority of studies calculated the CSA using a graft sizing block and ‘by estimation’ approach, thereby limiting the accuracy of the intraoperative tendon measurements.…”

Section: In Vivo Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of methods to measure tendon dimensions

Hayes

Easton²,

Devanaboyina

et al. 2019

J Orthop Surg Res

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Tendons are soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system that are designed to facilitate joint movement. Tendons exhibit a wide range of mechanical properties matched to their functions and, as a result, have been of interest to researchers for many decades. Dimensions are an important aspect of tendon properties.Change in the dimensions of tissues is often seen as a sign of injury and degeneration, as it may suggest inflammation or general disorder of the tissue. Dimensions are also important for determining the mechanical properties and behaviours of materials, particularly the stress, strain, and elastic modulus. This makes the dimensions significant in the context of a mechanical study of degenerated tendons. Additionally, tendon dimensions are useful in planning harvesting for tendon transfer and joint reconstruction purposes.Historically, many methods have been used in an attempt to accurately measure the dimensions of soft tissue, since improper measurement can lead to large errors in the calculated properties. These methods can be categorised as destructive (by approximation), contact, and non-contact and can be considered in terms of in vivo and ex vivo.

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Estimating Lengths of Semitendinosus and Gracilis Tendons by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Early Superimposed NMES Training is Effective to Improve Strength and Function Following ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft regardless of Tendon Regeneration

Early Superimposed NMES Training is Effective to Improve Strength and Function Following ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Graft regardless of Tendon Regeneration

The Association Between Anterior Cruciate Ligament Length and Femoral Epicondylar Width Measured on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Radiograph

A review of methods to measure tendon dimensions

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