Estimating light-duty vehicles' contributions to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 at a near-highway urban elementary school via elemental characterization emphasizing rhodium, palladium, and platinum

Das, Sourav; Chellam, Shankararaman

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141268

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Applicable elemental source profiles included soil/road dust, concrete dust, , motor vehicles, , fluidized-bed cracking catalysts (FCCs) representing primary petroleum refinery emissions, , oil and coal combustion, , biomass burning, , and sea salt, based on previous reports in Houston. ,,,,, The trans-Atlantic North African dust profile was established during this work (Table S15). The IRCMB method balances both elements (eq ; conventional CMB) and isotopes (this study; eq ) where C i is the ambient concentration of the i th element, F ij is the abundance of the i th element in the j th source, S j is the source contribution j th source to ambient PM 2.5 , is the isotope ratio of the j th source corresponding to isotope i (Sr, Nd, and Hf in our case), and R̂ i is the isotope ratio corresponding to element i .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inclusion of isotope ratios (eq ) in the dataset reduced the CI from 27 to 21. Here, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, La, Ce, Nd, Hf, and Pb were used as fitting species because of their importance in tracing PM sources in Houston. ,,,,,, The dataset was reprocessed to reduce collinearity even further.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is imperative to determine the sources and composition of airborne particulate matter (PM) in metropolitan areas to better understand its human health impacts, comply with regulations, and formulate policies and plans to control its concentrations. − Primary PM in urban atmospheres is typically a complex mixture of aerosols locally emitted by soil and road dust resuspension, industrial and construction activities, and automobiles − that can also be seasonally impacted by long-range transport. ,− One example of the latter is dust from the Sahara–Sahel region that, being the largest contributor to global dust flux, can substantially add to the aerosol burden already facing population centers in Europe ,, and the south and southeastern United States ,,, exacerbating concerns related to health, , regional haze, and regulatory compliance. Importantly, governments allow contributions from exceptional PM events that are not reasonably controllable or preventable to be excluded from regulatory decisions and actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM_2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Das

Miller

Prospero

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tracking Saharan−Sahelian dust across the globe is essential to elucidate its effects on Earth's climate, radiation budget, hydrologic cycle, nutrient cycling, and also human health when it seasonally enters populated/industrialized regions of Africa, Europe, and North America. However, the elemental composition of mineral dust arising locally from construction activities and aeolian soil resuspension overlaps with African dust. Therefore, we derived a novel "isotope-resolved chemical mass balance" (IRCMB) method by employing radiogenic strontium, neodymium, and hafnium isotopes to accurately differentiate and quantitatively apportion collinear proximal and synoptic-scale crustal and anthropogenic mineral dust sources. IRCMB was applied to two air masses that transported African dust to Barbados and Texas to track particulate matter (PM) spikes at both locations. During Saharan−Sahelian intrusions, the radiogenic content of urban PM 2.5 increased with respect to 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 176 Hf/ 177 Hf but decreased in terms of 143 Nd/ 144 Nd, demonstrating the ability of these isotopes to sensitively track African dust intrusions even in complex metropolitan atmospheres. The principal aerosol strontium, neodymium, and hafnium end members were concrete dust and soil, soil and motor vehicles, and motor vehicles and North African dust, respectively. IRCMB separated and quantified local soil and distal crustal dust even when PM 2.5 concentrations were low, opening a promising source apportionment avenue for urbanized/industrialized atmospheres.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM_2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Das

Miller

Prospero

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These emissions ranged between 0.47 and 4.7 Gg Mo yr −1 for the year 2010 (Table 1). While vehicles in general may emit Mo through other pathways (Das & Chellam, 2020), we did not include other vehicle emissions here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Perturbations to the Atmospheric Molybdenum Cycle

Wong

Rathod

Marino

et al. 2021

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Molybdenum (Mo) is a key cofactor in enzymes used for nitrogen (N) fixation and nitrate reduction, and the low availability of Mo can constrain N inputs, affecting ecosystem productivity. Natural atmospheric Mo aerosolization and deposition from sources such as desert dust, sea‐salt spray, and volcanoes can affect ecosystem function across long timescales, but anthropogenic activities such as combustion, motor vehicles, and agricultural dust have accelerated the natural Mo cycle. Here we combined a synthesis of global atmospheric concentration observations and modeling to identify and estimate anthropogenic sources of atmospheric Mo. To project the impact of atmospheric Mo on terrestrial ecosystems, we synthesized soil Mo data and estimated the global distribution of soil Mo using two approaches to calculate turnover times. We estimated global emissions of atmospheric Mo in aerosols (<10 μm in diameter) to be 23 Gg Mo yr−1, with 40%–75% from anthropogenic sources. We approximated that for the top meter of soil, Mo turnover times range between 1,000 and 1,000,000 years. In some industrialized regions, anthropogenic inputs have enhanced Mo deposition 100‐fold, lowering the soil Mo turnover time considerably. Our synthesis of global observational data, modeling, and a mass balance comparison with riverine Mo exports suggest that anthropogenic activity has greatly accelerated the Mo cycle, with potential to influence N‐limited ecosystems.

show abstract

“…The catalyst itself undergoes mechanical degradation as a result of sintering and thermal shock which releases washcoat particulate matter (Figure 12) [213]. This means that PGMs are released into the environment on roadsides, such as freeways and highways, where they may eventually be carried into waterways and the ocean where they are effectively lost [213][214][215][216]. The accumulation of Pt and Pd on road verges has been measured in a number of studies, in a number of countries, and indicates that this dissipation source is a worldwide issue.…”

Section: Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Group Metals: A Review of Resources, Production and Usage with a Focus on Catalysts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major applications of PGMs are as catalysts in automotive industry, petroleum refining, environmental (gas remediation), industrial chemical production (e.g., ammonia production, fine chemicals), electronics, and medical fields. As the next generation energy technologies for hydrogen production, such as electrolysers and fuel cells for stationary and transport applications, become mature, the demand for PGMs is expected to further increase. Reserves and annual production of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt have been determined and reported. Based on currently available resources, there is around 200 years lifetime based on current demand for all PGMs, apart from Pd, which may be closer to 100 years. Annual primary production of 190 t/a for Pt and 217 t/a for Pd, in combination with recycling of 65.4 t/a for Pt and 97.2 t/a for Pd, satisfies current demand. By far, the largest demand for PGMs is for all forms of catalysis, with the largest demand in auto catalysis. In fact, the biggest driver of demand and price for Pt, Pd, and Rh, in particular, is auto emission regulation, which has driven auto-catalyst design. Recovery of PGMs through recycling is generally good, but some catalytic processes, particularly auto-catalysis, result in significant dissipation. In the US, about 70% of the recycling stream from the end-of-life vehicles is a significant source of global secondary PGMs recovered from spent auto-catalyst. The significant use of PGMs in the large global auto industry is likely to continue, but the long-term transition towards electric vehicles will alter demand profiles.

show abstract

Estimating light-duty vehicles' contributions to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 at a near-highway urban elementary school via elemental characterization emphasizing rhodium, palladium, and platinum

Cited by 22 publications

References 89 publications

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM_2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM_2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Anthropogenic Perturbations to the Atmospheric Molybdenum Cycle

Platinum Group Metals: A Review of Resources, Production and Usage with a Focus on Catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Estimating light-duty vehicles' contributions to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 at a near-highway urban elementary school via elemental characterization emphasizing rhodium, palladium, and platinum

Cited by 22 publications

References 89 publications

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Anthropogenic Perturbations to the Atmospheric Molybdenum Cycle

Platinum Group Metals: A Review of Resources, Production and Usage with a Focus on Catalysts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM_2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity

Coupling Sr–Nd–Hf Isotope Ratios and Elemental Analysis to Accurately Quantify North African Dust Contributions to PM_2.5 in a Complex Urban Atmosphere by Reducing Mineral Dust Collinearity