Estimating seroprevalence and variation to four tick-borne infections and determination of associated risk factors in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in Mbeere District, Kenya

Gachohi, John; Ngumi, P.N.; Kitala, P.; Skilton, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.03.015

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…At the coast, a seasonal-independent, all-year round occurrence of T. parva infections was reported [25]. However, even within a generally suitable region, differences in the suitability of habitats have been suggested based on vector tick counts on animals and T. parva prevalence and incidence [9,11,16]. Following on the AEZ gradient, vector unsuitable areas are harsh, hot and dry, have sparse vegetation and open grasslands.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, Gachohi et al . [16] reported differential tick control practices that corresponded with changing T. parva infection risk. The differential use of acaricides probably reflected a number of factors, key among them being (i) the changing farmers' perception of decreased ECF-risk associated with low tick exposure (ii) the capital-poor intensification strategy and (iii) previous experience of ECF in terms of mortality and the high cost of treatment [11].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) in Kenya: past, present and the future

et al. 2012

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In this article, we review the epidemiology of East Coast fever (ECF), a tick-borne infection of cattle, in Kenya. The major factors associated with epidemiology of ECF include the agro-ecological zone (AEZ), livestock production system (LPS) and both animal breed and age. These factors appear to influence the epidemiology of ECF through structured gradients. We further show that the gradients are dynamically shaped by socio-demographic and environmental processes. For a vector-borne disease whose transmission depends on environmental characteristics that influence vector dynamics, a change in the environment implies a change in the epidemiology of the disease. The review recommends that future ECF epidemiological studies should account for these factors and the dynamic interactions between them. In Kenya, ECF control has previously relied predominantly on tick control using acaricides and chemotherapy while ECF immunization is steadily being disseminated. We highlight the contribution of ECF epidemiology and economics in the design of production system and/or geographical area-specific integrated control strategies based on both the dynamic epidemiological risk of the disease and economic impacts of control strategies. In all production systems (except marginal areas), economic analyses demonstrate that integrated control in which ECF immunization is always an important component, can play an important role in the overall control of the disease. Indeed, Kenya has recently approved ECF immunization in all production systems (except in marginal areas). If the infrastructure of the vaccine production and distribution can be heightened, large ECF endemic areas are expected to be endemically stable and the disease controlled. Finally, the review points the way for future research by identifying scenario analyses as a critical methodology on which to base future investigations on how both dynamic livestock management systems and patterns of land use influence the dynamics and complexity of ECF epidemiology and the implications for control.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) in Kenya: past, present and the future

et al. 2012

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“…Babesiosis (Tick fever), theilerioses (East Coast fever, January disease, and Corridor disease), ehrlichiosis (Heartwater disease), and anaplasmosis belong to the most important tick-transmitted diseases affecting cattle farming in sub-Saharan Africa ( i.a. Gachohi et al , 2010; Makala et al , 2003; Okuthe & Buyu, 2006). Worldwide distributed bovine babesiosis is caused by infection with intraerythrocytic parasites Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina transmitted by Rhipicephalus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theileria, Babesia, andAnaplasmadetected by PCR in ruminant herds at Bié Province, Angola

2012

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Distribution of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Ehrlichia ruminantium, was for the first time studied in Bié Province, central Angola. We examined 76 blood samples of cattle originated from seven farms, and 13 blood samples of goats from two farms employing molecular genetic tools (PCR). Most prevalent was A. ovis-infection in goats (100%) and A. marginale-infection in cattle (38% of examined animals, and six out of seven farms). B. bigemina-infection was detected in only one specimen at Andulo, whereas B. bovis was not detected in Bié. We did not detected T. parva, the causative agent of serious diseases in cattle; nevertheless, infection by T. velifera was quite frequent (14% of examined animals, and five out of seven farms). Causative agent of heartwater disease – E. ruminantium, was not detected. Taking into account short-term perspective of PCR methods in monitoring of epidemiological status in herds, the number of infected animals and distribution of detected pathogens should not be ignored.

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“…For example, 15% of animals in feedlots in Iowa, located in the Midwestern United States, were seropositive . In contrast, in tropical regions, the prevalence tends to be quite high, from 37% in Costa Rica (Oliveira et al, 2011) to 58% in the Paraná state of Brazil (Marana et al, 2009) and Mbeere district of Kenya (Gachohi et al, 2010), and up to 83% in some regions of Zambia (Simuunza et al, 2011a,b). There are likely many reasons for these differences, one of which may be the tick vector.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Tick Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis

Suárez

Noh

2011

Veterinary Parasitology

184

135

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Estimating seroprevalence and variation to four tick-borne infections and determination of associated risk factors in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in Mbeere District, Kenya

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Epidemiology of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) in Kenya: past, present and the future

Epidemiology of East Coast fever (Theileria parva infection) in Kenya: past, present and the future

Theileria, Babesia, andAnaplasmadetected by PCR in ruminant herds at Bié Province, Angola

Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis

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