Estimating the local paleo-fluid flow velocity: New textural method and application to metasomatism

Sizaret, Stanislas; Branquet, Yannick; Gloaguen, Éric; Chauvet, Alain; Barbanson, Luc; Arbaret, Laurent; Chen, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.013

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The result of this study is close to that determined on tourmaline associated to the Hercynian Sn-W vein deposit in Galicia (Sizaret et al 2009). Considering a porosity of 1 %, it is possible to deduce flow velocities in large-scale models based on Darcy law (Ingebritsen and Appold 2012).…”

Section: Fluid Flow Velocity and Deformationsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Several models have been developed in order to study crystal growth and the relation with its environment at bulk crystal scale (e.g., Garside et al 1975) and very local scale (Chernov 1992). Prieto and Amoros (1981) and Sizaret et al (2006) analyzed the relationship between flow velocity and growth rate of faces with different angles of exposition to the flux, and Sizaret et al (2009) proposed an inverse method to reconstruct the local paleoflow velocity and direction by analyzing growth bands. The curve of growth ratios (upstream / downstream) versus upstream flow velocity has been established by solving the coupled Navier-Stokes and transport equations with the Comsol Multiphysics 3.5a finite element code (Sizaret et al 2009).…”

Section: Determination Of Flow Velocity In Tourmalinitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prieto and Amoros (1981) and Sizaret et al (2006) analyzed the relationship between flow velocity and growth rate of faces with different angles of exposition to the flux, and Sizaret et al (2009) proposed an inverse method to reconstruct the local paleoflow velocity and direction by analyzing growth bands. The curve of growth ratios (upstream / downstream) versus upstream flow velocity has been established by solving the coupled Navier-Stokes and transport equations with the Comsol Multiphysics 3.5a finite element code (Sizaret et al 2009). The growth band thicknesses observed on hydrothermal crystals can be considered as chemical fluxes integrated over a short period of time.…”

Section: Determination Of Flow Velocity In Tourmalinitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural, mineralogical, and paleoflow velocity constraints on Hercynian tin mineralization: the Achmmach prospect of the Moroccan Central Massif

et al. 2015

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International audienceThe Achmmach tin mineralization (NE of theMoroccan Central Massif) is associated with tourmaline-richalteration halos, veins, and faults hosted in sandstones andmetapelites of the Upper Visean-Namurian. These depositsare reported to be late Hercynian in age and related to theemplacement of late-orogenic granite not outcropping in thestudied area. Structural and paragenetic studies of theAchmmach tin deposit were conducted in order to establisha general model of the mineralization. From field constraints,the late Hercynian phase is marked by a transition fromtranspression to extension with deformation conditions evolvingfrom ductile to brittle environments. The transpression(horizontal shortening direction roughly trending E-W) is coevalwith the emplacement of the first tourmaline halos alongseveral conjugated trends (N070, N020, and N120).Thereafter, a tourmaline-rich breccia formed in response tothe fracturing of early tourmaline-altered rocks.Subsequently, during the extensional phase, these structureswere reactivated as normal faults and breccias, allowing theformation of the main tin mineralization (cassiterite) associatedwith a wide variety of sulfides (arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite,sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, pyrite, and stannite). This evolution ends with fluorite and carbonate deposition.The hydrothermal fluid flow velocity, calculated byapplying statistical measures on the tourmaline growth bands,varies with the lithology. Values are lower in metapelites andhigher in breccia. In the general evolution model proposedhere, tourmaline alteration makes the rock more competent,allowing for brittle fracturing and generation of open spacewhere the main Sn mineralization was precipitated

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Section: Fluid Flow Velocity and Deformationsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Determination Of Flow Velocity In Tourmalinitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Flow Velocity In Tourmalinitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural, mineralogical, and paleoflow velocity constraints on Hercynian tin mineralization: the Achmmach prospect of the Moroccan Central Massif

et al. 2015

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“…Borradaile and Tarling 1981;Evans et al 2003), and recently to track paleoflow circulation (e.g. Sizaret et al 2001;Sizaret et al 2006a and b;Essalhi et al 2009;Sizaret et al 2009). Although the AMS method has already been applied to weathered soils (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study of the internal structures of gossans and weathering processes in the Iberian Pyrite Belt using magnetic fabrics and paleomagnetic dating

et al. 2011

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International audienceIn the Rio Tinto district of the Iberian Pryrite Belt of South Spain, the weathering of massive sulfide bodies form iron caps, i.e., true gossans and their subsequent alteration and re-sedimentation has resulted in iron terraces, i.e., displaced gossans. To study the stucture and evolution of both types of gossans, magnetic investigations have been carried out with two foci: (1) the characterisation and spatial distribution of magnetic fabrics in different mineralised settings, including massive sulfides, gossans, and terraces, and (2) paleomagnetic dating. Hematite has been identified as the suceptibility carrier in all sites and magnetic fabric investigation of four gossans reveals a vertical variation from top to bottom, with: (1) a horizontal foliation refered to as "mature" fabric in the uppermost part of the primary gossans, (2) highly inclined or vertical foliation interpreted as "immature" fabric between the uppermost and lowermost parts, and (3) a vertical foliation interpreted to be inherited from Hercynian deformation in the lowermost part of the profiles. In terraces, a horizontal foliation dominates and is interpreted to be a "sedimentary" fabric. Rock magnetic studies of gossan samples have identified goethite as the magnetic remanence carrier for the low-temperature component, showing either a single direction close to the present Earth field (PEF) direction or random directions. Maghemite, hematite, and occasionally magnetite are the remanence carriers for the stable high-temperature component that is characterized by non PEF directions with both normal and reversed magnetic polarities. No reliable conclusion can be yet be drawn on the timing of terrace magnetization due to the small number of samples. In gossans, the polarity is reversed in the upper part and normal in the lower part. This vertical distribution with a negative reversal test suggests remanence formation during two distinct periods. Remanence in the upper parts of the gossans is older than in the lower parts, indicating that the alteration proceeded from top to bottom of the profiles. In the upper part, the older age and the horizontal "mature" fabric is interpreted to be a high maturation stage of massive sulfides' alteration. In the lower part, the age is younger and the inherited "imature" vertical Hercynian fabric indicates a weak maturation stage. These two distinct periods may reflect changes of paleoclimate, erosion, and/or tectonic motion

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“…Regionally, this period is when most of Western Europe's polymetallic ± F ± Ba vein-type deposits formed (Sizaret et al 2009;Wolff et al 2015, and references herein). In North Africa, the Permian-Triassic period coincides with two major geodynamic events: opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean to the west as a result of the breakup of Pangea, and incipient opening of the Tethys Ocean to the east.…”

Section: 19mentioning

confidence: 94%

Geologic and Metallogenic Framework of North Africa

Bouabdellah

Slack

2016

Mineral Deposits of North Africa

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North Africa is noteworthy for having a great diversity of geology and mineral resources. Geologically, the region contains numerous terranes that contain rocks ranging in age from Archean to Quaternary, including diverse igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic lithologies. Major geological features were built during the main phases of Proterozoic and subsequent Phanerozoic orogenies, the break-up of the supercontinents Rodinia, Gondwana, and Pangea, and during the opening and closing of major ocean basins such as the Iapatus, Atlantic, Pacific, and Tethys. Three major tectono-stratigraphic domains are recognized (1) the Precambrian province that includes the African-Nubian Shield (ANS) to the east and the West African Craton (WAC) to the west, and the intervening Tuareg Shield and "Saharan Metacraton"; (2) the Variscan (Paleozoic) fold belt; and (3) the Atlas-Alpine (Mesozoic-Cenozoic) system. Mineral deposits of North Africa formed in a variety of geologic settings at different time periods from Archean to Quaternary. Mineral commodities including gold, silver, cobalt, nickel, chromium, arsenic, copper, lead, zinc, iron, and many other elements. Major deposit types present in the region are (1) orthomagmatic Cr-Ni-platinum group elements (PGE); (2) rare-metal granites and related rare-element pegmatites; (3) volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS); (4) sedimentaryexhalative (SEDEX); (5) orogenic and intrusion-related gold; (6) iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG); (7) banded iron formation (BIF); (8) Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc; (9) sediment-hosted stratiform copper;Electronic supplementary material The online version of this chapter

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Estimating the local paleo-fluid flow velocity: New textural method and application to metasomatism

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Structural, mineralogical, and paleoflow velocity constraints on Hercynian tin mineralization: the Achmmach prospect of the Moroccan Central Massif

Structural, mineralogical, and paleoflow velocity constraints on Hercynian tin mineralization: the Achmmach prospect of the Moroccan Central Massif

A case study of the internal structures of gossans and weathering processes in the Iberian Pyrite Belt using magnetic fabrics and paleomagnetic dating

Geologic and Metallogenic Framework of North Africa

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