Estimating the motion-to-photon latency in head mounted displays

Zhao, Jingbo; Allison, Robert S.; Vinnikov, Margarita; Jennings, Sion

doi:10.1109/vr.2017.7892302

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This refers to the estimated latency of the HMD VR simulation without any added artificial display lag. It is typically estimated by tracking the optical motions of reference and delayed landmarks on the HMD via high-speed digital cameras(Kim et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2017;Feng et al, 2019). Note: in systems using prediction algorithms and ATW this will estimate the effective lag (not the actual motion-to-photon latency).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersickness in Head-Mounted Displays Is Caused by Differences in the User's Virtual and Physical Head Pose

Palmisano

Allison

Kim

2020

Front. Virtual Real.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybersickness in Head-Mounted Displays Is Caused by Differences in the User's Virtual and Physical Head Pose

Palmisano

Allison

Kim

2020

Front. Virtual Real.

Self Cite

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“…It can be found that as D (the amount of data to be processed) goes higher, the total energy consumption grows, which is intuitive. The method in [7] The method in [11] In Fig. 3, the total energy consumption achieved by our proposed method and the methods in [6], [10] are plotted versus the deadline T .…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Efficient Mobile-Edge Computation Offloading over Multiple Fading Blocks

Fan

Jin

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

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By allowing a mobile device to offload computationintensive tasks to a base station, mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising solution for saving the mobile device's energy. In real applications, the offloading may span multiple fading blocks. In this paper, we investigate energy-efficient offloading over multiple fading blocks with random channel gains. An optimization problem is formulated, which optimizes the amount of data for offloading to minimize the total expected energy consumption of the mobile device. Although the formulated optimization problem is non-convex, we prove that the objective function of the problem is piecewise convex, and accordingly develop an optimal solution for the problem. Numerical results verify the correctness of our findings and the effectiveness of our proposed method.

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“…The chosen method determines how many latency values are measured. Sine fitting (Steed, 2008;Teather et al, 2009;Zhao et al, 2017) and cross correlation (Di Luca, 2010; Kijima and Miyajima, 2016b;Feng et al, 2019) only report one latency for one measurement run. If the latency between an event and its reaction on the screen is measured, the number of latency measurements that can be reported depends on the approach.…”

Section: Measuring Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latency and Cybersickness: Impact, Causes, and Measures. A Review

Stauffert

Niebling

Latoschik

2020

Front. Virtual Real.

109

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Latency is a key characteristic inherent to any computer system. Motion-to-Photon (MTP) latency describes the time between the movement of a tracked object and its corresponding movement rendered and depicted by computer-generated images on a graphical output screen. High MTP latency can cause a loss of performance in interactive graphics applications and, even worse, can provoke cybersickness in Virtual Reality (VR) applications. Here, cybersickness can degrade VR experiences or may render the experiences completely unusable. It can confound research findings of an otherwise sound experiment. Latency as a contributing factor to cybersickness needs to be properly understood. Its effects need to be analyzed, its sources need to be identified, good measurement methods need to be developed, and proper counter measures need to be developed in order to reduce potentially harmful impacts of latency on the usability and safety of VR systems. Research shows that latency can exhibit intricate timing patterns with various spiking and periodic behavior. These timing behaviors may vary, yet most are found to provoke cybersickness. Overall, latency can differ drastically between different systems interfering with generalization of measurement results. This review article describes the causes and effects of latency with regard to cybersickness. We report on different existing approaches to measure and report latency. Hence, the article provides readers with the knowledge to understand and report latency for their own applications, evaluations, and experiments. It should also help to measure, identify, and finally control and counteract latency and hence gain confidence into the soundness of empirical data collected by VR exposures. Low latency increases the usability and safety of VR systems.

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Estimating the motion-to-photon latency in head mounted displays

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Cybersickness in Head-Mounted Displays Is Caused by Differences in the User's Virtual and Physical Head Pose

Cybersickness in Head-Mounted Displays Is Caused by Differences in the User's Virtual and Physical Head Pose

Energy-Efficient Mobile-Edge Computation Offloading over Multiple Fading Blocks

Latency and Cybersickness: Impact, Causes, and Measures. A Review

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