1990
DOI: 10.1177/104239159000200102
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Estimating the Response of Thermal Detectors

Abstract: The paper considers the prediction of time to operation of sprinklers, as well as the response of heat detectors to changing fire conditions. The discussion concentrates on devices having a heat-sensitive element which operates at a preset temperature, though rate-of-rise devices are also mentioned.If a thermal device is heated slowly and is not subject to heat losses, (so that it is close to being in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings), it will operate at a gas temperature equal to its set temperature.… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…The radiation effect in the early stages of a growing fire is generally considered to be small because the configuration factor in the radiation calculation is small and also smoky gases can block out some of the radiation received by the sprinklers. 11 There will be some radiation heat transfer between the ceiling and the sprinkler but Beever 12 notes that this radiative component is usually small compared with the convective component although Sako and Hasemi 13 suggest that radiation can be significant when a sprinkler is relatively close to a fire or for rapidly growing fires.…”
Section: Heat Sensor Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The radiation effect in the early stages of a growing fire is generally considered to be small because the configuration factor in the radiation calculation is small and also smoky gases can block out some of the radiation received by the sprinklers. 11 There will be some radiation heat transfer between the ceiling and the sprinkler but Beever 12 notes that this radiative component is usually small compared with the convective component although Sako and Hasemi 13 suggest that radiation can be significant when a sprinkler is relatively close to a fire or for rapidly growing fires.…”
Section: Heat Sensor Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…14 These temperature and velocity magnitudes are generally reproducible in a wind tunnel, thus sprinklers can be tested under realistic simulated environments. 12 Tests such as the plunge test 2,5 and the ramp test 11 were developed to determine the sensitivities of sprinklers by simulating fire conditions in a wind tunnel.…”
Section: Heat Sensor Responsementioning
confidence: 99%
“…17,18 Important contributing research was also performed at the British Fire Research Station and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). [19][20][21][22] The progress in this area climaxed late in 1990, when an agreement was reached within the working group on sprinkler and water spray equipment of the International Standards Organization (ISO) for a standardized approach to sprinkler sensitivity requirements and testing. The agreement, included in ISO 6182/1, "Requirements and Methods of Test for Sprinklers," uses a combination of sprinkler test procedures developed by laboratories in the United States and Europe and establishes the three ranges of sprinkler sensitivity characteristics shown in Figure 5.…”
Section: Residential Sprinkler Sensitivity and Responsementioning
confidence: 99%