Estimating the soil N&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;O emission intensity of croplands in northwest Europe

Myrgiotis, Vasileios; Williams, Mathew; Rees, Robert M.; Topp, Cairistiona F. E.

doi:10.5194/bg-16-1641-2019

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Schäfer et al [151] reported higher N 2 O emissions measured by closed chambers than by micrometeorological field-scale methods. In addition, when N 2 O emissions are measured at the hourly time step and at small spatial scale and then upscaled to the daily time step and the field scale, N 2 O fluxes may be overestimated [119,151].…”

Section: Types Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of field observations (e.g., soil moisture, soil temperature, soil NO 3 − and crop yields) should be compared with simulated values to improve model performance for simulating the N-cycle and N 2 O emissions [180,182]. In addition, the measurement of N 2 O emissions (e.g., length of measurements, applied method for N 2 O measurement and the scales) also influence the evaluation of model performance [119,185].…”

Section: Denitrification Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

et al. 2021

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a long-lived greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Emissions of N2O mainly stem from agricultural soils. This review highlights the principal factors from peer-reviewed literature affecting N2O emissions from agricultural soils, by grouping the factors into three categories: environmental, management and measurement. Within these categories, each impact factor is explained in detail and its influence on N2O emissions from the soil is summarized. It is also shown how each impact factor influences other impact factors. Process-based simulation models used for estimating N2O emissions are reviewed regarding their ability to consider the impact factors in simulating N2O. The model strengths and weaknesses in simulating N2O emissions from managed soils are summarized. Finally, three selected process-based simulation models (Daily Century (DAYCENT), DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) are discussed that are widely used to simulate N2O emissions from cropping systems. Their ability to simulate N2O emissions is evaluated by describing the model components that are relevant to N2O processes and their representation in the model.

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Section: Types Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Denitrification Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The highest EF for leguminous crops indicates that the management of fertilisation for these crops, or for the rotation itself, can be improved on the input data. Finally, information about crop-specific EF turns to be useful to design crop successions and compiling emission inventories (Myrgiotis et al, 2019). However, our results were higher than the 1 % default value defined by the IPCC guidelines for the N applied to agricultural soils, mainly because we consider only the N applied as fertiliser, neglecting animal excretions, crop residues, deposition, mineralization and fixation.…”

Section: Effect Of Climate On N2o and Ch4 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Effects of climate change in the European croplands and grasslands: productivity, GHG balance and soil carbon storage

Carozzi

Martin

Klumpp

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The knowledge of the effects of climate change on agro-ecosystems is fundamental to identify local actions aimed to maintain productivity and reduce environmental issues. This study investigates the effects of climate perturbation on the European crop and grassland production systems, combining the finding from two biogeochemical models. Accurate and high-resolution management and pedoclimatic data has been employed. Results has been verified for the period 1978–2004 (historical period) and projected until 2099 with two divergent intensities IPPC’s climate projections, RCP4.5 and RCP8. We provided a detailed overview on productivity and the impacts on management (sowing dates, water demand, nitrogen use efficiency). Biogenic GHG budgets (N2O, CH4, CO2) were calculated, including an assessment of their sensitivity to the leading drivers, and the compilation of a net carbon budget over production systems. Results confirmed that a significant reduction of productivity is expected during 2050–2099, caused by the shortening of the length of the plant growing cycle associated to the rising temperatures. This effect was more pronounced for the more pessimistic climate scenario (-13 % for croplands and -7.7 % for grasslands) and for Mediterranean regions, confirming a regionally distributed impact of climate change. Non-CO2 GHG emissions were triggered by rising air temperatures and increased exponentially over the century, being often higher than the CO2 accumulation of the explored agro-ecosystems, which acted as potential C sinks. Emission factor for N2O was 1.82 ± 0.07 % during the historical period, rising up to 2.05 ± 0.11 % for both climate projections. The biomass removal (crop yield, residues exports, mowing and animal intake) converted croplands and grasslands into net C sources (236 ± 107 Tg CO2eq y-1 in the historical period), increasing of more than 20 % during the climate projections. Nonetheless, crop residues demonstrate to be an effective management strategy to overturn the C balance. Although with a marked latitudinal gradient, water demand will double over the next few decades in the European croplands, whereas the benefit in terms of yield will not contribute substantially to balance the C losses due to climate perturbation.

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“…Experts agree that N 2 O soil emissions are site-specific and have high spatial and temporal variability (Osborne et al 2010;Smith 2017;Snyder et al 2009). Additionally, available models still have high levels of uncertainty in estimating N 2 O fluxes (Myrgiotis et al 2019), and inconsistencies between laboratory simulations and field measurements have been reported (Jarecki et al 2009). Such level of environmental variability, together with yet partial knowledge of the N-cycle dynamics, makes it difficult to clearly identify cause-effect mechanisms between cover crops and N 2 O fluxes (Venterea et al 2012).…”

Section: Nitrous Oxide Contribution To Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental trade-offs of relay-cropping winter cover crops with soybean in a maize-soybean cropping system

Cecchin

Pourhashem

Gesch

et al. 2021

Agricultural Systems

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Winter camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] and field pennycress [Thlaspi arvense L.] are oilseed feedstocks that can be employed as winter-hardy cover crops in the current cropping systems in the U.S. upper Midwest. In addition to provide multiple ecosystem services, they can be a further source of income for the farmer. However, using these cover crops is a new agricultural practice that has only been studied recently. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the environmental performance of a maize [Zea mays L.]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping system with different winter cover crops -camelina, pennycress, and rye (Secale cereale L.)in the U.S. upper Midwest. Field experiments were carried out from 2016 to 2017 (2-year maize-soybean sequence) at three locations: Morris (Minnesota), Ames (Iowa), and Prosper (North Dakota). The environmental impact assessment was carried out using a "cradle-to-gate" life cycle assessment methodology. Four impact categories were assessed: global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication, soil erosion, and soil organic carbon (SOC) variation. Two functional units (FU) were selected: (1) 1 ha year − 1 , and (2) $1 net margin. When expressed with the FU ha yr − 1 , across the three locations cover crops had (a) lower eutrophication potential and water soil erosion, and (b) lower GWP if the cover crop was not fertilized with nitrogen. Camelina and pennycress were more effective than rye in reducing soil losses, while the three cover crops provided similar results for eutrophication potential. The results for the SOC variation were mixed, but the sequence with rye had the best performance at all locations. When expressed with the FU $ net margin, sequences including camelina and pennycress were overall the worst sequences in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient and soil losses. This negative performance was mainly due to the seed yield reduction in the second year of the sequence for both the main cash crop (soybean) and the relayed-cover crop compared with the conventional sequence maize-soybean. Such result led to a lower net margin per hectare in the sequences including camelina and pennycress when compared with the control. The results of this study suggest that the introduction of camelina and pennycress as winter-hardy cover crops has a strong potential for reducing the environmental impacts of the maize-soybean rotation. However, a field management optimization of these cover crops in a relay-cropping system is needed to make them a sustainable agricultural practice.

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Estimating the soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission intensity of croplands in northwest Europe

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

Factors That Influence Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Well as Their Representation in Simulation Models: A Review

Effects of climate change in the European croplands and grasslands: productivity, GHG balance and soil carbon storage

Environmental trade-offs of relay-cropping winter cover crops with soybean in a maize-soybean cropping system

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