Estimating the three-dimensional structure of canopy foliage based on the light measurements in a Betula ermanii stand

Kubo, Takuya; Kobayashi, Teiichi; Katō, K.; Nishimura, Seiichi; Uemura, Shigeru; Ono, Kiyomi; Sumida, Akihiro; Hara, Toshihiko

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.03.008

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Moreover, we also applied these allometric relationships to another B. ermanii stand (a different 17-year-old stand to that where we obtained the allometric relationship of this study). For this stand, LAI was estimated to be 4.76 m 2 m -2 in 2003 (with tree inventory data from 2003), close to the LAI of 4.56 m 2 m -2 in 2002 estimated using very detailed threedimensional light measurements of the canopy (Kubo et al 2008). Therefore, the method of AB estimation using Eq.…”

Section: Lai Estimation By Allometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-based estimation of leaf area index and vertical distribution of leaf area density in a Betula ermanii forest

Sumida¹,

Nakai²,

Yamada³

et al. 2009

Silva Fenn.

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We developed a ground-based method for estimating leaf area index (LAI) and vertical distribution of leaf area density (LAD) for two Betula ermanii plots, combining an allometric method for tree leaf area with the MacArthur-Horn (MH) method using a portable laser rangefinder, including a correction for changes in leaf inclination angle along the vertical gradient measured with a portable digital protractor from a canopy access tower in each plot. Vertical distribution of projected leaf area density obtained by the MH method (LAD MH ) was transformed to relative distribution for allotting fixed LAI to different heights. Hence, we first developed an allometric method for estimating tree leaf area for LAI determination. Trunk cross-sectional area at branching height (AB) was accurately estimated (r 2 = 0.97) from ground-based measurements of tree dimensions. We used this method to apply pipe model allometry between tree leaf area and AB, and estimated LAI (4.56 and 4.57 m 2 m -2 ). We then examined how leaf inclination angle affected estimation of the vertical distribution of actual LAD. Leaf inclination angle measurements revealed that actual LAD in the upper canopy was 1.5-1.8-times higher than LAD MH , because of steep leaf inclination, while the correction factor was 1.15-1.25 in the lower canopy. Due to the difference among heights, vertical distribution of LAD estimated with correction for vertical change in leaf inclination was more skewed to the upper canopy than that without correction. We also showed that error in LAD distribution can result if horizontal canopy heterogeneity is neglected when applying the MH method.

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Section: Lai Estimation By Allometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-based estimation of leaf area index and vertical distribution of leaf area density in a Betula ermanii forest

Sumida¹,

Nakai²,

Yamada³

et al. 2009

Silva Fenn.

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“…The turnip-tailed gecko is widespread across the Amazonian region, is often the only nocturnal arboreal lizard in its range [29,36], and often occupies canopy regions (figure 1b) of rainforest habitat (at heights of up to 28 m in French Guiana, Philippe Gaucher 2016, personal communication). It thus occupies a complex three-dimensional habitat that provides a mosaic of potential landing sites within the densely configured canopy foliage [37]. Thecadactylus rapicauda has a well-developed adhesive apparatus (figure 1c) that is capable of generating significant frictional adhesive force [3,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaping lizards landing on leaves: escape-induced jumps in the rainforest canopy challenge the adhesive limits of geckos

Higham

Russell

Niklas

2017

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The remarkable adhesive capabilities of geckos have garnered attention from scientists and the public for centuries. Geckos are known to have an adhesive load-bearing capacity far in excess (by 100-fold or more) of that required to support their body mass or accommodate the loading imparted during maximal locomotor acceleration. Few studies, however, have investigated the ecological contexts in which geckos use their adhesive system and how this may influence its properties. Here we develop a modelling framework to assess whether their prodigious adhesive capacity ever comes under selective challenge. Our investigation is based upon observations of escape-induced aerial descents of canopy-dwelling arboreal geckos that are rapidly arrested by clinging to leaf surfaces in mid-fall. We integrate ecological observations, adhesive force measurements, and body size and shape measurements of museum specimens to conduct simulations. Using predicted bending mechanics of petioles and leaf midribs, we find that the drag coefficient of the gecko, the size of the gecko and the size of the leaf determine impact forces. Regardless of the landing surface, safety factors for geckos range from a maximum of just over 10 to a minimum of well under one, which would be the point at which the adhesive system fails. In contrast to previous research that intimates that gecko frictional adhesive capacity is excessive relative to body mass, we demonstrate that realistic conditions in nature may result in frictional capacity being pushed to its limit. The rapid arrest of the lizard from its falling velocity likely results in the maximal loading to which the adhesive system is exposed during normal activities. We suggest that such activities might be primary determinants in driving their high frictional adhesive capacity.

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Evaluation of a radiosity based light model for greenhouse cucumber canopies

Wiechers

Kahlen

Stützel

2011

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

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Estimating the three-dimensional structure of canopy foliage based on the light measurements in a Betula ermanii stand

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Ground-based estimation of leaf area index and vertical distribution of leaf area density in a Betula ermanii forest

Ground-based estimation of leaf area index and vertical distribution of leaf area density in a Betula ermanii forest

Leaping lizards landing on leaves: escape-induced jumps in the rainforest canopy challenge the adhesive limits of geckos

Evaluation of a radiosity based light model for greenhouse cucumber canopies

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