Estimating Yield Losses of Tomatoes (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) Caused by Nightshade (<i>Solanum</i>spp.) Interference

Weaver, Susan E.; Smits, Nancy; Tan, C. S.

doi:10.1017/s004317450007898x

Cited by 69 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although there is considerable literature available on competition between S. nigrum and tomato (Friesen, 1979;Weaver et al, 1987;Caussanel et al, 1989;McGien et al, 1992, etc. ), published information on the competition between S. nigrum and pepper is scarce (Lanini & Strange, 1994;Medina et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between Solanum nigrum and pepper in the presence of Meloidogyne incognita

1998

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The influence of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood on the competitive relationships between pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade) was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. Seven competition treatments were set up: two intraspecific for the crop and the weed and five interspecific treatments in which the emergence of S. nigrum plants was progressively delayed with respect to that of the pepper. Nematodes reproduced in every inoculated plant and their multiplication rates were high in both pepper and S. nigrum. The parasite reduced all growth and yield parameters of the crop, but did less harm to the weed. The negative effect of S. nigrum on pepper peaked in the treatment in which the weed and pepper plants emerged together. S. nigrum was a stronger competitor than pepper under both nematode‐infested and nematode‐free conditions. The effect of nematodes on pepper yield was less than that of competition, but both appeared to be additive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition between Solanum nigrum and pepper in the presence of Meloidogyne incognita

1998

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“…Nightshade species are diffi cult to control in tomato production and their interference reduces both tomato yield and quality. Weaver et al (1987) reported that eastern black nightshade and hairy nightshade competition reduced transplanted tomato yields 30% to 60%. Perez and Masiunas (1990) showed that the longer and earlier eastern black nightshade were allowed to compete with tomato, the greater the reduction in yield and quality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rimsulfuron Controls Hairy Nightshade, but not Eastern Black Nightshade, in Tomato

Greenland¹,

Howatt²

2005

HortSci

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Nightshade species are difficult to control in tomato production and their interference reduces both tomato yield and quality. Rimsulfuron can be used to control nightshades, but species and biotypes vary in their response to rimsulfuron. The objectives of this study were to evaluate control of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides Sendt.) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum Dun.) by rimsulfuron and compare North Dakota eastern black nightshade accession response to three acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides. In field studies conducted at Oakes, N. Dak., rimsulfuron at rates of 26 or 53 g·ha–1 a.i. was applied within 1 week after transplanting tomato (EPOST) or 2 to 4 weeks after transplanting (POST). Rimsulfuron gave excellent control of hairy nightshade when applied POST, and poor to excellent control when applied EPOST, with control being much better when hairy nightshade had emerged before the EPOST application. Rimsulfuron at 53 g·ha–1 provided greater control than at 26 g·ha–1 only for the EPOST applications. Rimsulfuron controlled hairy nightshade which allowed eastern black nightshade (which was not controlled by rimsulfuron) to dominate tomato. Tomato yield was lower when dominated by hairy nightshade than by eastern black nightshade. This was due to the earlier emergence and faster growth of hairy nightshade compared to eastern black nightshade. Tomato yield was higher in the hand-weeded check than for all other treatments in 1999, the only year the hand-weeded check was included in the study. Greenhouse studies on plants grown from seed collected at the experimental site verified that eastern black nightshade was tolerant to rimsulfuron but was controlled by tribenuron and imazethapyr. Rimsulfuron can be used in tomato production to control hairy nightshade, but not the accession of eastern black nightshade found in this study. Chemical names used: N-((4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl)-3-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-pyridinesulfonamide (rimsulfuron); (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N dipropyl-p-toluidine) (trifluralin); methyl 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl–1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylamino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate (tribenuron methyl); (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo–1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (imazethapyr).

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“…Barnyard-grass (Echinochloa crus galli) competition reduced tomato yield by 26% to 84% (Bhowmik and Reddy 1988) and nightshade (Solanum sp.) competition has reduced the yield of both seeded and transplanted tomatoes (Weaver et al, 1987). Weed contamination reduces the quality of leafy vegetable crops such as spinach (Fennimore et al, 2001) and weeds can serve as alternate hosts for diseases and insect pests.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides in Vegetable Crops

Haar¹,

Fennimore²,

McGiffen³

et al. 2002

horttech

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In an effort to identify new herbicides for vegetables crops, broccoli (Brassica oleracea) cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), carrot (Daucus carota), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa), bulb onion (Allium cepa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were evaluated in the field for tolerance to eight herbicides. The following herbicides and rates, expressed in a.i. lb/acre, were applied preemergence: carfentrazone, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2; flufenacet, 0.525; flumioxazin, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.25; halosulfuron, 0.032 and 0.047; isoxaben, 0.25 and 0.50; rimsulfuron, 0.016 and 0.031; SAN 582, 0.94 and 1.20 and sulfentrazone, 0.15 and 0.25 (1.000 lb/acre = 1.1208 kg·ha-1). Tolerance was evaluated by measuring crop stand, injury and biomass. Several leads for new vegetable herbicides were identified. Lettuce demonstrated tolerance to carfentrazone at 0.05 and 0.10 lb/acre. Cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of halosulfuron at 0.032 and 0.047 lb/acre. Broccoli, cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of SAN 582 at 0.94 lb/acre. Broccoli and carrot were tolerant of sulfentrazone at 0.15 lb/acre.

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Estimating Yield Losses of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) Caused by Nightshade (Solanumspp.) Interference

Cited by 69 publications

References 15 publications

Competition between Solanum nigrum and pepper in the presence of Meloidogyne incognita

Competition between Solanum nigrum and pepper in the presence of Meloidogyne incognita

Rimsulfuron Controls Hairy Nightshade, but not Eastern Black Nightshade, in Tomato

Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides in Vegetable Crops

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