Estimation of bone mineral density among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in western Odisha

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases in the world. The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone mineral density (BMD) has been controversial. Early identification of reduction in bone mass in a diabetic patient may be helpful in preventing the bone loss and future fracture risks. Objective: The aim is to study the effect of T2DM on BMD among patients in western Odisha.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 patients between 40 and 65 years of age which included 60 diabetic and 60 nondiabetic subjects. BMD was measured using qualitative ultrasound and the data were compared among age-matched subjects of both the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student's t-test and test of equality of proportions.Results: No significant difference was observed in bone density of both the groups. On further analyzing the data, incidence of osteoporosis was higher among diabetic subjects, whereas incidence of osteopenia was higher among nondiabetic subjects.Conclusions: Although significant difference in bone mineral density was not observed in both the groups, the incidence of osteoporosis was higher among type 2 diabetics. Hence, all type 2 diabetics should be evaluated for the risk of osteoporosis and should be offered appropriate preventive measures.

Cornelian Cherry Pulp Has Beneficial Impact on Dyslipidemia and Reduced Bone Quality in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

“…The association between T2DM and BMD is also controversial. Most studies showed decreased or unchanged BMD; however, some others revealed increased BMD [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Another diabetic complication contributing to detrimental bone effects is microangiopathy.…”

Osteoporosis Prevalence and Correlates in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…We also could not find a significant association between duration of diabetes and BMD status. However, a number of studies found duration of diabetes to be significantly associated with BMD loss [10,11,13,19]. One of the reasons could be primarily the present study had only few cases with T2DM duration >10 years (mean duration of T2DM 6.21 years).…”

“…Association of BMD with glycemic status are controversial. In a recent report Thakur and Dash [13] found mean HbA1c of patients with low BMD to be significantly lower as compared to those having high BMD, thus showing good glycemic control to be associated with an increased risk of BMD loss. Conversely, they observed mean FBG of those with low BMD to be higher as compared to those having high BMD, thus painting just a reverse picture as observed for HbA1c.…”

Comparative study of serum calcium, serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase between prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…A s a result, based on evidences that type2 diabetes mellitus can lead to poor bone quality and bone loss. Also, few studies have suggested that various bone indicators levels were found to be such as serum calcium, serum phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphate [17] . The hydrolytic enzyme alkaline phosphate is found in the liver, bile duct, kidney, intestinal mucosa, and placenta among other places many diabetics may also have been shown to have elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase [18] .…”