Estimation of carrying capacity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Yang, Sheng-I; Burkhart, Harold E.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.001

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Combining annual fertilization with multiple herbicide applications for young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands gave mean annual increments averaging 27 m 3 •ha −1 •year −1 that rival the 26 m 3 •ha −1 •year −1 achieved in exotic environments such as in Hawaii (Harms et al 2000;Borders and Bailey 2001). In terms of the carrying capacity-the maximum number (or biomass) of a plant that can be sustained on a long-term basis under finite site resources (Yang and Burkhart 2017)--a loblolly pine plantation on a dry site in Georgia was reported to reach a maximum basal area of 48 m 2 •ha −1 with annual fertilizer additions and weed control treatments (Jokela et al 2004); note that a loblolly pine plantation in Hawaii can achieve levels (100 m 2 •ha −1 ) twice that value (Harms et al 2000;Samuelson et al 2010Samuelson et al , 2013. Accordingly, while impressive productivity gains for loblolly pine have been achieved on mainland plantations, exotic environments (e.g., Hawaii) still have higher carrying capacities, attributable to favorable climate/environmental conditions such as mild year-long temperatures, longer day lengths, and low evaporative demand (Harms et al 2000;Samuelson et al 2010Samuelson et al , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wood properties of loblolly pine grown under intensive management in the Upper Coastal Plain of southwest Georgia

2022

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Loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) productivity over the past century has increased significantly from genetic improvements and more intensive management practices. The current study concludes a series of assessments of loblolly pine growth/physiological responses to continuous resource management treatments of weed control (W), weed control plus irrigation (WI), and weed control plus irrigation and fertigation (WIF). Increment cores were analyzed by X-ray densitometry to assess treatment impacts on wood properties. Plotting the wood property data against assigned years allowed results to be compared with available weather data. Mean values for all wood property determinations were similar between the W and WI treatments. Increased ring width for the WIF treatment was consistent with other studies demonstrating substantial increases in loblolly pine productivity by fertilization. Since decreases in ring specific gravity (SG) from fertilization can be offset by increases in ring SG from irrigation, gains in productivity were achieved without reducing wood quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Wood properties of loblolly pine grown under intensive management in the Upper Coastal Plain of southwest Georgia

2022

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“…For a given stand, the slope parameter may also differ at different ages due to inconsistent diameter and height growth rates [21,32,33]. Moreover, there have also been some reports that indicate that the maximum stand carrying capacity is related to climate change [2,34,35] and thus varies depending on site conditions [1,36,37]. For a given tree species, in addition, different data and methods used to obtain this parameter may lead to variable values of the slope parameter [19,20,29,[38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Limit Value Constraint Theory to Better Understand the Self-Thinning Rule of Forest

Long,

Zeng,

Xiao

et al. 2023

Forests

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Stand density management is important for decision-making regarding adaptive silviculture and thinning, growth modelling, and yield prediction in forests, especially plantations. Although substantial research related to the self-thinning rule and maximum size-density law has been conducted, there are still critical gaps that exist in the biophysical explanation and validation of the relationships among stand variables and relevant parameters. In this study, time series observations from six plots of fully stocked Chinese fir plantations with different densities of planted trees were used to characterise the growth of stand basal area (G), average height (H), and diameter at breast height (D). The growth trends in the stand parameters and the relationships among them were analysed. As indicated by previous studies, in the fully stocked stands, there was a significant linear relationship between G and H. This study also resulted in the following new findings: (1) At the beginning, the growth rate of stand basal area (PG) was greater than the growth rate of average height (PH), but PG decreased quickly as the stands approached canopy closure and then became stable. Meanwhile, as the stands neared canopy closure, the rate of increase in the G/H ratio decelerated, ultimately resulting in a stable G/H value that approached the first limit value. This led to a stand growth balance status that continued until self-thinning took place. (2) Artificial thinning broke the growth balance status, but the stands returned to balance status if they were still young enough. Self-thinning also broke the growth balance status and lead to fluctuating growth rates of both G and H, but the fluctuations were very slight, which showed a trend in similar growth rates of G and H. (3) The findings implied that the stand G and H growths were allometric at the beginning but became isogonic as canopy closure and self-thinning were approached. On the other hand, the H growth rate was generally greater than that of D, but both growth rates showed a trend in similar values after the stands matured. Subsequently, the H/D ratio is anticipated to stabilize and gradually converge towards the second limit value once the stands reach maturity. The results implied that the stand growth balance status and two limit values can be used to identify and select fully stocked stands that are needed for the development of maximum size-density equations and self-thinning rules.

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“…Self‐thinning in forests is caused by limited resources, including light and growing space (Pretzsch & Biber, 2005). The number of trees decreases when the available resources cannot meet the normal demands of growing trees (Vospernik & Sterba, 2015; Yang & Burkhart, 2017). Reineke's stand density index is based on a linear relationship between the logarithm of the stand density and the logarithm of the mean diameter, and the slope of the linear model is −1.605 (Reineke, 1933).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the self‐thinning boundary line for oak mixed forests in central China by using stochastic frontier analysis and a proposed variable density model

Long

Si-qi

Shi

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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A suitable self‐thinning model is fundamental to effective density control and management. Using data from 265 plot measurements in oak mixed forests in central China, we demonstrated how to estimate a suitable self‐thinning line for oak mixed forests from three aspects, i.e., self‐thinning models (Reineke's model and the variable density model), statistical methods (quantile regression and stochastic frontier analysis), and the variables affecting stands (topography and stand structure factors). The proposed variable density model, which is based on the quadratic mean diameter and dominant height, exhibited a better goodness of fit and biological relevance than Reineke's model for modeling the self‐thinning line for mixed oak forests. In addition, the normal‐truncated normal stochastic frontier model was superior to quantile regression for modeling the self‐thinning line. The altitude, Simpson index, and dominant height–diameter ratio (Hd$$ {H}_{\mathrm{d}} $$/D) also had significant effects on the density of mixed forests. Overall, a variable density self‐thinning model may be constructed using stochastic frontier analysis for oak mixed forests while considering the effects of site quality and stand structure on density. The findings may contribute to a more accurate density management map for mixed forests.

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Estimation of carrying capacity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Wood properties of loblolly pine grown under intensive management in the Upper Coastal Plain of southwest Georgia

Wood properties of loblolly pine grown under intensive management in the Upper Coastal Plain of southwest Georgia

Using Limit Value Constraint Theory to Better Understand the Self-Thinning Rule of Forest

Estimating the self‐thinning boundary line for oak mixed forests in central China by using stochastic frontier analysis and a proposed variable density model

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