Estimation of Central Aortic Pressure Waveform by Mathematical Transformation of Radial Tonometry Pressure

Chen, C.-H.; Nevo, Erez; Fetics, Barry; Pak, Peter H.; Yin, F. C. P.; Maughan, W L; Kass, David A.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.7.1827

Cited by 1,219 publications

(974 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The peripheral pulse waves were captured and PWA (SphygmoCor, West Ryde, Australia) was used to derive a central aortic pulse wave and hemodynamic measures by a generalised validated mathematical transfer function. [21][22][23] The central augmented pressure is the difference between the maximum systolic peak on the aortic pulse wave and the inflection point, the latter is defined as the merging point for the incident and reflected wave. The AIx is expressed as the augmented pressure as a percentage of the central pulse pressure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between aortic augmentation index and cardiovascular risk factors in a large unselected population

et al. 2011

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The augmentation index (AIx) is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness, and previous studies have demonstrated an association between AIx and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited knowledge about the age and gender differences of the observed associations. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to examine the association's consistency at different ages and to see if the associations are the same in men and women. This study is based on 3432 subjects from The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective epidemiological survey of a representative population in Denmark. All subjects had AIx measured non-invasively by the SphygmoCor device (SphygmoCor, West Ryde, Australia). To analyse the association between AIx and CVD risk factors multiple linear regression analyses were used stratified by gender and age.The main determinants of AIx were age, heart rate, height and systolic blood pressure in both age groups with few gender differences. Associations between AIx and cardiovascular risk factors further differed by age: In young subjects AIx was associated with cholesterol, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, current smoking, low weight, poor education and physical inactivity, whereas in subjects above age 60 AIx was associated with weight and current smoking in men. We found a modest association between AIx and traditional CVD risk factors and the association attenuated in subjects 460 years. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether AIx is primarily a marker of CVD in younger subjects.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between aortic augmentation index and cardiovascular risk factors in a large unselected population

et al. 2011

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“…Pulse pressure waves in the radial artery were recorded by applanation tonometry and a validated transfer factor was used to generate the corresponding central arterial waveforms. 19 The aim of the study was to explore the acute effects of mental stress and static and dynamic exercise on indices of central AS like transit time of pulse wave, peripheral pulse pressure (PPP) and central pulse pressure (CPP) and augmentation index. We hypothesized that these stressors would increase wave reflections and estimated central stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise

et al. 2008

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Chronic dynamic (aerobic) exercise decreases central arterial stiffness, whereas chronic resistance exercise evokes the opposite effect. Nevertheless, there is little information available on the effects of acute bouts of exercise. Also, there is limited data showing an increase of central arterial stiffness during acute mental stress. This study aimed to determine the effect of acute mental and physical (static and dynamic exercise) stress on indices of central arterial stiffness. Fifteen young healthy volunteers were studied. The following paradigms were performed: (1) 2 min of mental arithmetic, (2) short bouts (20 s) of static handgrip at 20 and 70% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), (3) fatiguing handgrip at 40% MVC and (4) incremental dynamic knee extensor exercise. Central aortic waveforms were assessed using SphygmoCor software. As compared to baseline, pulse wave transit time decreased significantly for all four interventions indicating that central arterial stiffness increased. During fatiguing handgrip there was a fall in the ratio of peripheral to central pulse pressure from 1.69 ± 0.02 at baseline to 1.56±0.05 (Po0.05). In the knee extensor protocol a nonsignificant trend for the opposite effect was noted. The augmentation index increased significantly during the arithmetic, short static and fatiguing handgrip protocols, whereas there was no change in the knee extensor protocol. We conclude that (1) during all types of acute stress tested in this study (including dynamic exercise) estimated central stiffness increased, (2) during static exercise the workload posed on the left ventricle (expressed as change in central pulse pressure) is relatively higher than that posed during dynamic exercise (given the same pulse pressure change in the periphery).

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“…After sequential waveforms had been obtained, the integral software was used to generate an average peripheral waveform. The corresponding central aortic pressure and waveform was then derived using a validated mathematical transfer function (Chen et al, 1997 ), and analysed further to determine the following aortic indices: (1) central haemodynamic parameters including central systolic blood pressure (SBP), central diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MP), end-systolic pressure (ESP); and (2) parameters of wave reflection including augmentation index (AIx), central augmentation pressure (AP) and time to reflection (T R ). Aortic pulse pressure (PP) was calculated by subtracting central DBP for central SBP.…”

Section: Pulse-wave Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chronic consumption of red wine polyphenols on vascular function in postmenopausal women

et al. 2006

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Objective: To elucidate whether the chronic consumption of dealcoholised red wine (DRW) (polyphenol-rich component) and/ or red wine (RW) improves vascular function in hypercholesterolaemic postmenopausal women. Design, subjects and intervention: A randomised parallel-arm study. Forty-five hypercholesterolaemic postmenopausal women were randomised into either water, DRW or RW group for 6 weeks following a 4 week washout. Fasting measures of central haemodynamic parameters, arterial wave reflection and endothelial nitric oxide were taken at 0 and 6 weeks. Setting: Clinic in the School of Public Health, Curtin University. Results: There were no significant between group differences in arterial stiffness as measured by augmentation index (AIx) and augmentation pressure (AP). However, a significant within group decrease in AIx (À9%, P ¼ 0.02) and AP (À12%, P ¼ 0.02) was observed following DRW consumption. No significant changes were observed in central haemodynamic parameters and endothelial nitric oxide levels following DRW and RW consumption, compared to water. Conclusions: Neither the chronic consumption of DRW nor RW improved markers of arterial stiffness, compared to control. However, the significant within group improvements in these indices following the consumption of DRW cannot be overlooked and warrant further investigation.

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Estimation of Central Aortic Pressure Waveform by Mathematical Transformation of Radial Tonometry Pressure

Cited by 1,219 publications

References 25 publications

The association between aortic augmentation index and cardiovascular risk factors in a large unselected population

The association between aortic augmentation index and cardiovascular risk factors in a large unselected population

Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise

The effect of chronic consumption of red wine polyphenols on vascular function in postmenopausal women

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