Estimation of directional division frequencies in vascular cambium and in marginal meristematic cells of plants

Barlow, Peter W.; Brain, P.; Powers, Stephen J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2184.2002.00225.x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, linking xylogenesis with the intra-annual variations of climatic variables can lead to a better understanding of the factors affecting wood production and mechanisms regulating radial growth. Given the importance of this research field in ecophysiology and forestry (Downes et al 2002), intra-annual analyses of wood formation are being developed notwithstanding the complex sampling designs, problematic data elaborations and meticulous microscopic observations (Wodzicki 1971;Barlow et al 2002;Wimmer 2002).…”

Section: Associate Editor: Nigel Chaffeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cambial Activity and Xylogenesis by Microsampling Tree Species: An Example at the Alpine Timberline

Rossi¹,

Deslauriers²,

Anfodillo³

2006

IAWA J

223

212

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Mechanisms of cell production and maturation and dynamics of xylem formation have been widely studied in trees in order to better characterize stem radial growth. Histological analyses have been used in this study to describe cambial activity and xylem cell differentiation in Larix decidua, Pinus cembra and Picea abies at the Alpine timberline. Wood microcores were collected weekly from April to October 2003 and cross sections prepared to distinguish xylem cells of the growing tree ring and to determine the number of cells in the cambial zone, radial cell enlargement, secondary wall thickening and lignification and the number of mature tracheids. The anatomical changes characterizing the phases of xylem cell production and differentiation during the year are described and discussed. All species showed the same trend of xylem formation. Three delayed bell-shaped curves and an S-shaped curve were observed for cambium, enlarging and wall thickening cells and mature cells, respectively. Cells divided in the cambial zones from April-May to August, depending on the species. From 100 to 130 days were required to complete cell differentiation. Tree-ring formation ended during September. The average periods spent on radial enlargement, and secondary cell wall thickening and lignification were estimated at 7–10 and 20–25 days, respectively.

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Section: Associate Editor: Nigel Chaffeymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cambial Activity and Xylogenesis by Microsampling Tree Species: An Example at the Alpine Timberline

Rossi¹,

Deslauriers²,

Anfodillo³

2006

IAWA J

223

212

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“…C. orbicularis and C. scutata grow as discoid multicellular thalli with a simple meristem structure. The thalli adhere to a substrate, and undisturbed thalli can maintain a circular shape up to several millimeters in diameter as a result of precisely coordinated sequences of anticlinal and periclinal divisions (10). The meristematic zone is limited to a single layer of cells on the circumference of the growing disk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of plant cell division and expansion in a simple morphogenetic system

Dupuy

Mackenzie

Haseloff

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

107

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Morphogenesis in plants arises from the interplay of genetic and physical interactions within a growing network of cells. The physical aspects of cell proliferation and differentiation are genetically regulated, but constrained by mechanical interactions between the cells. Higher plant tissues consist of an elaborate three-dimensional matrix of active cytoplasm and extracellular matrix, where it is difficult to obtain direct measurements of geometry or cell interactions. To properly understand the workings of plant morphogenesis, it is necessary to have biological systems that allow simple and direct observation of these processes. We have adopted a highly simplified plant system to investigate how cell proliferation and expansion is coordinated during morphogenesis. Coleocheate scutata is a microscopic fresh-water green alga with simple anatomical features that allow for accurate quantification of morphogenetic processes. Image analysis techniques were used to extract precise models for cell geometry and physical parameters for growth. This allowed construction of a deformable finite element model for growth of the whole organism, which incorporated cell biophysical properties, viscous expansion of cell walls, and rules for regulation of cell behavior. The study showed that a simple set of autonomous, cell-based rules are sufficient to account for the morphological and dynamic properties of Coleochaete growth. A variety of morphogenetic behavior emerged from the application of these local rules. Cell shape sensing is sufficient to explain the patterns of cell division during growth. This simplifying principle is likely to have application in modeling and design for engineering of higher plant tissues.biophysics | Coleochaete | dynamics | morphogenesis microscopy

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“…In each of these cases, elongation growth of the respective rhizophores is due to an apical meristem.] Even so, it is also possible that the chi-chi is an organ sui generis, and that its modes of elongation and widening are the result of a common marginal type of meristem that, instead of making use of small isodiametric cells, as is often the case in marginal and apical meristems (Barlow et al 2002), employs the elongated fusiform cambial cells for the growth of the chi-chi and the elongation of its tip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The anatomy of the chi-chi of Ginkgo biloba suggests a mode of elongation growth that is an alternative to growth driven by an apical meristem

Barlow

Kurczyńska

2006

J Plant Res

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The chi-chi of Ginkgo biloba L. are cylindrical woody structures that grow downwards from the branches and trunks of old trees, eventually entering the soil where they give rise to adventitious shoots and roots. Examination of segments of young chi-chi taken from a mature ginkgo tree revealed an internal woody portion with irregular growth rings of tracheid-containing secondary xylem covered by a vascular cambium and bark. The cambium was composed of both fusiform cells and parenchymatous ray cells. Near the tip of the chi-chi, these two types of cambial cells had orientations ranging between axial, radial and circumferential with respect to the cylindrical form of the chi-chi. The xylem rays and tracheids that derived from the cambium showed correspondingly variable orientations. Towards the base of the chi-chi, the fusiform cells and young tracheids were aligned parallel to the axis, indicating that the orientation of the cambial cells in basal regions of the chi-chi gradually became normalised as the tip of the chi-chi extended forwards. Nevertheless, in such basal sites, tracheids near the centre of the chi-chi showed variable orientations in accordance with their mode of formation during the early stages of chi-chi development. The initiation of a chi-chi is proposed to derive from a localised hyperactivity of vascular cambial-cell production in the supporting stem. The chi-chi elongates by tip growth, but it does so in a manner different from organ growth driven by an apical meristem. It is suggested that the chi-chi of Ginkgo is an "evolutionary experiment" that makes use of the vascular cambium, not only for its widening growth but also for its elongation.

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Estimation of directional division frequencies in vascular cambium and in marginal meristematic cells of plants

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of Cambial Activity and Xylogenesis by Microsampling Tree Species: An Example at the Alpine Timberline

Assessment of Cambial Activity and Xylogenesis by Microsampling Tree Species: An Example at the Alpine Timberline

Coordination of plant cell division and expansion in a simple morphogenetic system

The anatomy of the chi-chi of Ginkgo biloba suggests a mode of elongation growth that is an alternative to growth driven by an apical meristem

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