Estimation of energy density of PMN-PT ceramics utilizing mechanical stress

Ultimate electromechanical energy conversion performance and energy storage capacity of ferroelectric materials under high excitation levels

“…Predicting these values from the bipolar P-E loops may also be of significant interest, to quickly assess the energy conversion and harvesting performance. Hence, an Ericsson cycle energy density estimation was conducted for PZT C6 from the descending curves [22,23] and compared to the experimental Ericsson cycles. were inaccurate and much larger than those obtained by the actual Ericsson cycles.…”

“…Ericsson cycles are used to convert thermal or mechanical energy into electrical energy with ferroelectric materials [22][23][24][25]. Figure 2a shows the electric field and compressive stress waveforms during the Ericsson cycle, where compressive stresses of 1 and 100 MPa were applied to the PMN-25PT sample.…”

“…In Uruan et al and Patel et al [22,23], the Ericsson cycle energy densities were estimated using the two descending curves of the bipolar P-E loops under low and high stresses, respectively (P1-Pr-C-D-P1 cycle in Figure 3). However, this technique was imprecise due to the irreversibility of the polarization decrease under such high stress (hysteresis issue).…”

“…Until now, no investigation has been conducted on the theoretical limit in terms of convertible and harvestable energy, although such a study would: 1) allow a comparison of the performance of energy harvesters with respect to the ultimate energy that can actually be harvested (i.e., in a similar way to the Carnot efficiency for thermal devices) and 2) provide insights into the design of optimized harvesters to work close to their theoretical limits in terms of output energy. In contrast, research efforts have been made to investigate the pyroelectric energy conversion capabilities of ferroelectric materials through Olsen or Ericsson cycles, with output energies far above those given by the linear pyroelectric coefficient 3 [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. However, the maximum amount of energy that can be harvested through electromechanical coupling using ferroelectric materials is still unknown; however, it is of primary importance [26].…”

Magnetostrictive energy conversion ability of Iron Cobalt Vanadium alloy sheet: Experimental and theoretical evaluation

“…Equations ( 4) and ( 5) are the ferromagnetic dual expression of equation ( 2) in Unruan et al (2019) and equation ( 1) in Patel et al (2014), where the Ericsson cycle principle is applied to a ferroelectric conversion. Equation ( 5) leads to the graph shown in Figure 8.…”