Estimation of Fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu Valley

Shah, Priyanka; Khanal, S

doi:10.3126/nmcj.v22i1-2.30031

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The result is in an agreement with the study done in Eastern Nepal , Kathmandu Valley and Dharan, Nepal by previous researchers. [20][21][22] A study done in the northern neighboring country China (Nepal-China border; Tibet) also revealed a similar finding of fluoride level in drinking water source. 23 This is in contrast to the southern neighboring country India, where the fluoride concentration is above the recommended level of WHO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Assessment of Fluoride Level in Drinking Water Sources of Jumla, Nepal

Poudel,

Subedi,

Banskota

et al. 2022

J. Nep. Assoc. Ped. Dent.

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Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Though, preventable recent trend shows an increase in the prevalence of dental caries in developing country like Nepal. Optimal level of Fluoride in drinking water has a proven effect of preventing dental caries. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of fluoride in drinking water of Jumla, Nepal. Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional study conducted from August to September 2022 during which 78 drinking water samples were collected from different randomly selected wards of one municipality and seven rural municipality of Jumla district using simple random sampling technique. The drinking water sample for fluoride level of different area was analyzed and interpreted using SPADNS colorimetric method which is set as standard by American Public Health Association. Results: A total of 78 samples were collected from distinctive drinking water sources of randomly selected wards of 7 rural municipality and a municipality. Out of 78 samples collected, only 5 samples (6.41%) had a fluoride concentration of more than 0.5mg/L. The highest fluoride concentration was 1.31mg/L. The overall mean (±SD) fluoride concentration of Jumla district was 0.20(±0.24). The median (Q1-Q3) concentration of fluoride in drinking water of Jumla district was estimated to be 0.11mg/L (0.05-0.29). Conclusions: This study estimated the fluoride level in drinking water of Jumla district to be below the optimal level and shows the importance of water fluoridation in order to prevent dental caries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Assessment of Fluoride Level in Drinking Water Sources of Jumla, Nepal

Poudel,

Subedi,

Banskota

et al. 2022

J. Nep. Assoc. Ped. Dent.

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“…25,26 In most districts of Nepal including Kathmandu, the fluoride level in drinking water was found to be below the recommended optimum level whereas only one district had fluoride level exceeding 0.8 ppm (Parsa), and only 4% of the study population were exposed to the optimal level of fluoride in drinking water. 7,27 It is a common practice that the parents decide and purchases the needful It was evident with this review that the dental caries in both primary and the permanent dentition was prevalent in the children of Nepal in different ages. Dental caries in the primary dentition is a major public health problem particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Burden of Dental Caries in the Nepalese Children: A Literature Review

Khanal

Shah

Ghimire

2021

J. Nep. Assoc. Ped. Dent.

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Dental caries is a biofilm mediated, sugar driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. It is one of the most common global oral health problems that can occur throughout life, affecting both primary and permanent dentition. The only National Pathfinder survey of Nepal 2004 had shown 57.5% of 5-6 years age group and 25.6% of 12-16 years age group suffer from dental caries. Pain and discomfort due to untreated dental caries was 18% in 5–6-year-old. This review article draws attention to the current scenario of prevalence of dental caries in Nepalese children, which is needed to frame preventive strategies, policies and manpower allocations suitable for children. After identifying articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and hand searching, the prevalence of dental caries in Nepalese children is reviewed together.

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“…A study collected water samples from eight water distribution schemes in Kathmandu valley and showed that the fluoride level in the drinking water of Kathmandu Valley was below the permissible limit as recommended by WHO. 12 A study in the Eastern Developmental region of Nepal on water samples of different sources. Few regions in their study were having fluoride levels above 0.10 mg/L and the majority of the area had fluoride levels below 0.05 mg/L as recommended by WHO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 In Nepal, published studies have shown less fluoride content in the drinking water supply in Nepal. [11][12][13] Such a study has not been done in the Western part of Nepal.The aim of this study was to measure the mean concentration of fluoride in the drinking water of a municipality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mean Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water Sources of a Municipality: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Chaulagain

Chhatkuli²,

Shrestha³

et al. 2022

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Introduction: Fluoride is essential for the growth and development of teeth and bone. Excess or less fluoride consumption can have harmful effects on our bodies. Fluoride level of 0.5-1.5 mg/l is said to be optimized according to the World Health Organization. The level of fluoride varies among the different geographical regions and water sources. It is essential to find out the fluoride content of various water sources used for drinking purposes. The aim of this study was to find the mean concentration of fluoride in drinking water sources of a municipality. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a Municipality. The study was conducted from 1 December 2021 to 30 December 2021 after receiving ethical approval from the Ethical Review Board (Reference number: 1134). Water samples were collected and the fluoride content was estimated using 2-parasulfophenylazo-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-napthalene-disulfonate colorimetric method. The data collected from the laboratory were calculated and presented in the form of a table. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: The mean value of fluoride content in 160 collected water samples was 0.369±0.275 mg/l (0.33-0.41, 95% Confidence Interval). Among the different wards, the fluoride content was 0.708±0.27 mg/l in ward number 12 followed by a fluoride content of 0.57±0.19 mg/l in ward number 5. Conclusions: In this study, the mean fluoride levels were lower when compared with similar studies conducted in similar settings. The levels were lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization. The various controlled methods of fluoridation have to be quickly initiated. Other means of fluoride consumption, like the use of fluoridated toothpaste, has to be recommended.

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Estimation of Fluoride concentration in drinking water of Kathmandu Valley

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of Fluoride Level in Drinking Water Sources of Jumla, Nepal

Assessment of Fluoride Level in Drinking Water Sources of Jumla, Nepal

Burden of Dental Caries in the Nepalese Children: A Literature Review

Mean Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water Sources of a Municipality: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

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