Estimation of food additive intake. Nordic approach

Abstract

Food additive intake has been estimated in Finland by means of a stepwise system using simultaneously two different methods. The first method, based on food consumption and food control analysis, can be classified into the group of Estimated Daily Intake methods (EDI). The second method, a questionnaire to food manufacturers concerning the use of food additives, has been employed five times. Estimates have been timed to reflect legislative changes and their influence on the intake. The intake of most food additives and sweeteners by Finnish diabetic adolescents was well below Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs). The average nitrite intake, especially by children and adolescents, was greater. Estimates of nitrite intake by children varied between 39% and 89% of ADIs depending on the method used and the new ADIs given by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Diabetic children's and the mothers' daily intake of nitrite was shown to be greater when compared with that of non-diabetics and the results of that other Finnish study gives support the evidence that dietary nitrites may be associated with the development of Type I diabetes. New estimates of additive intakes, based on a nationwide control project carried out in 1994, will be worked out. The results will reflect the situation in Finland before EU membership.

Daily intake of food additives in Japan in five age groups estimated by the market basket method

“…Non-alcoholic beverages were also one of the foods that contributed highest to daily intake, but the detection ratio was only 9.4% according to Ishiwata et al [9]. The low detection ratio may be the major reason that sodium saccharin was [10,11], were included in category VI (sugar, snacks, and cakes) in the present study, but no sodium saccharin was detected in the homogenate of category VI in any age group. To use sodium saccharin as a tabletop sweetener in Japan is very rare.…”

“…In the United Kingdom [16] the poundage method has been used and in Finland [10] the OI method. It is difficult to directly compare the results of the present study with those in the United Kingdom and Finland because of differences in methods and diet.…”

Dietary intake of sorbic and benzoic acids from tomato ketchup for adults and children in Turkey

“…day -1 for the Brazilian diet (Tfouni and Toledo 2002b), 0.87 mg kg -1 b.w. day -1 for the Finland diet (Penttilä 1996), 0.5 mg kg -1 b.w. day -1 for the French diet (Verger et al 1998), 0.2 mg kg -1 b.w.…”

"Estimativa da ingestão de sulfitos por escolares pela análise qualitativa da dieta"

“…Os cálculos de consumo para adultos têm se baseado em métodos estatísticos e pesquisas domiciliares de consumo de alimentos. Os riscos são obtidos por meio da comparação da estimativa do consumo diário com os valores da IDA fornecidos pelo Codex Alimentarius e pelo JECFA (BAUNWART & TOLEDO, 2001;DICH et al 1996;LANGLAIS, 1996;PENTTILÄ, 1996;GANGOLLI et al 1994;KNIGHT et al 1987;QUATTRUCCI, 1981;DISSELDUFF, TRY & BERRY, 1979).…”