Daily intake of food additives in Japan in five age groups estimated by the market basket method

Ishiwata, Hajimu; Yamada, Takashi; Yoshiike, Nobuo; Nishijima, Motohiro; Kawamoto, Akio; Uyama, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1007/s00217-002-0577-z

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, over fertilization which is usually the case may cause high nitrate accumulation in plants, especially leafy vegetables. High concentration of nitrate in the edible part of the plant may be implicated in the occurrence of methaemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome and possibly in gastric cancer as well as other diseases (Ikemoto et al, 2002;Ishiwata et al, 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production system and harvesting stage influence on nitrate content and quality of butterhead lettuce

et al. 2015

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Leafy vegetables such as lettuce grown under different production systems may accumulate different concentrations of nitrate which may reach to the levels potentially toxic to humans. Moreover, nitrate accumulation varies in various plant parts and physiological age of the plant. Therefore, to determine the effect of production system and harvesting stage on nitrate accumulation and quality of butterhead lettuce, a study was conducted considering two lettuce production systems namely hydroponic and organic, and four different harvesting stages such as 35, 38, 41 and 44 days after transplanting (DAT). The experimental design was complete randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Hydroponic and organic systems performed similar in terms of yield, quality and nitrate content of butterhead lettuce. Delaying harvesting can not only increase yield but also can minimize nitrate accumulation and health hazard risk as well. Delay in harvesting stage may result in quality deterioration of lettuce and increased production cost. Thus, a compromise is necessary to consider 41 DAT as the optimum stage to harvest butterhead lettuce with significantly higher reduction of nitrate content in both outer adult leaf blades and young leaves of hydroponic lettuce. Fresh weight, firmness and color of butterhead lettuce at this stage were still acceptable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production system and harvesting stage influence on nitrate content and quality of butterhead lettuce

et al. 2015

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“…Moreover, recent studies indicate that high NO 3 -accumulation results in NO 2 -production which is converted into nitric oxide (NO) in plants, while, in turn, NO and O 2 -can be rapidly catalyzed by NR into peroxynitrite, which is highly toxic to plants (Durner and Klessig, 1999). Consequently, the high NO 3 -accumulation in plants resulting from high nitrogen fertilizer supply was not only harmful to human health but also detrimental to plant growth (Ikemoto et al, 2002;Ishiwata et al, 2002). Hence, the reduced yields of radish after reaching the highest yield might be caused by excessive accumulation of NO 3 -due to the high NFAR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, excessive application of N fertilizer in agricultural production may lead to considerable uptake of NO 3 -, and NO 3 -absorbed by plants, rapidly causing high NO 3 -accumulation in plants, especially in most vegetable crops. However, NO 3 -has proved to be involved in the occurrence of methaemoglobinemia and possibly in gastric cancer as well as other diseases (Ikemoto et al, 2002;Ishiwata et al, 2002). Consequently, NO 3 -accumulation in plants is a major concern, as a general problem in most crops (Cárdenas-Navarro et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on radish yield, nutrition quality, and nitrogen recovery efficiency

Liao

Rong

Zheng

et al. 2009

Front. Agric. China

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Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) were grown in plastic pots in a screenhouse to investigate the influences of nitrogen fertilizer application rates (NFAR) on yield, nitrate content, nitrate reductase activity (NR), nutrition quality, and nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) at commercial mature stage. Five N-rate treatments, 0.644, 0.819, 0.995, 1.170, and 1.346 g$pot -1 , were set up in the screenhouse pot experiments, and nitrogen fertilizer (unlabeled N and 15 N-labeled fertilizer) was applied as basal dressing and topdressing, respectively. The results indicated that the fresh and dry weight yields of radish increased with the increase of NFAR at the range of 0.099 to 0.180 g N$kg -1 soil, decreased at 0.207 g N$kg -1 soil, and accordingly there was a significant quadratic relationship between the fresh and dry weight yields of radish and the NFAR. At the high addition of urea-N fertilizer, the nitrate content accumulated in the fleshy roots and leaves due to the decline in NR activity. From 0.644 to 0.819 g N$pot -1 NR increased most rapidly, the highest NR activity occurred at 0.819 g N$pot -1 , and the lowest NR activity happened at 1.346 g N$pot -1 . Soluble sugar and ascorbic acid initially increased to the highest value and then decreased, and, contrarily, crude fiber rapidly decreased with the increase of NFAR. Total N uptake (TNU), N derived from fertilizer (N dff ), and N derived from soil (N dfs ) in radish increased, except that N dfs relatively and slightly decreased at the rate of 0.207 g N$kg -1 soil. The ratio of N dff to TNU increased, but the ratio of N dfs to TNU as well as NRE of N fertilizer decreased with the increase of NFAR. Therefore, the appropriate NFAR should be preferably recommended for improving the yields and nutrition qualities of radish and NRE of N fertilizer.

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“…(15) Market-basket approach has been used for estimating food additive intake in Japan and Italy, respectively. (16,17) Individual food items is an approach where a list of the most commonly consumed food items is compiled from national food consumption surveys. Samples of each of these food items are then collected, sometimes more than once a year, from major cities of the identified country.…”

Section: National-level Dietary Survey Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Food Additive Intake—Overview of the Methodology

Jain

Mathur

2015

Food Reviews International

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With increase in processed and packaged food intake, there has been a growing concern regarding excessive use of food additives in food production. To assess whether these food additives pose a health hazard, their intake levels need to be defined. Various methods, such as per capita approach, total diet studies, Danish budget method, and individual-and household-based diet surveys, have been used for estimating exposure to food additives, namely, preservatives, synthetic food colors, artificial sweeteners, and antioxidants. A regular monitoring mechanism should be in place for assessing risk of exposure to additives, especially in developing countries of the world.

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Daily intake of food additives in Japan in five age groups estimated by the market basket method

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Production system and harvesting stage influence on nitrate content and quality of butterhead lettuce

Production system and harvesting stage influence on nitrate content and quality of butterhead lettuce

Influences of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on radish yield, nutrition quality, and nitrogen recovery efficiency

Estimation of Food Additive Intake—Overview of the Methodology

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