Estimation of foot pressure from human footprint depths using 3D scanner

Abstract

The analysis of normal and pathological variation in human foot morphology is central to several biomedical disciplines, including orthopedics, orthotic design, sports sciences, and physical anthropology, and it is also important for efficient footwear design. A classic and frequently used approach to study foot morphology is analysis of the footprint shape and footprint depth. Footprints are relatively easy to produce and to measure, and they can be preserved naturally in different soils. In this study, we need to correlate footprint depth with corresponding foot pressure of individual using 3D scanner. Several approaches are used for modeling and estimating footprint depths and foot pressures. The deepest footprint point is calculated from z max coordinate-z min coordinate and the average of foot pressure is calculated from GRF divided to foot area contact and identical with the average of footprint depth. Evaluation of footprint depth was found from importing 3D scanner file (dxf) in AutoCAD, the z-coordinates than sorted from the highest to the lowest value using Microsoft Excel to make footprinting depth in difference color. This research is only qualitatif study because doesn't use foot pressure device as comparator, and resulting the maximum pressure on calceneus is 3.02 N/cm 2 , lateral arch is 3.66 N/cm 2 , and metatarsal and hallux is 3.68 N/cm 2 .

Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

“…These formats are associated with any 3D software, for example, AutoCAD. The output can be in the form of the 3D plantar the of foot in difference of colors as presented in Figure 2a, where the red color indicates where the foot has the largest convex (largest z-coordinates), the 3D foam negative impression to make a negative cast of the foot as shown in Figure 2b, and the 3D positive model of the footprint in the form of a foam impression as shown in Figure 2c [27]. This technique has been used previously by Telfer et al [22] and Stankovic et al [23].…”

Pengukuran Distribusi Beban Telapak Kaki Manusia Saat Berdiri Tegak Menggunakan Sensor FSR 402

“…Mengetahui distribusi beban telapak kaki saat berdiri tegak dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengukur kontur telapak kaki menggunakan 3D scanner for foot orthotic [11]. Cara lain yang lebih akurat adalah menggunakan force plate [12], contohnya diperlihatkan seperti pada Gambar 2 yang harganya berkisar $30,000.…”

“…Proses pemindaian dilakukan setelah telapak kaki subyek benar-benar lurus dan tidak miring ke kanan atau ke kiri yang dipandu oleh operator. Agar dapat menetapkan lokasi peletakan setiap sensor harus diketahui koordinat x, y, z kontur telapak kaki [11]. Caranya sebagai berikut: (1) import file .dxf hasil scanner 3D ke dalam software AutoCAD, (2) konversikan file tersebut menjadi solid model dan bandingkan dengan hasil dari scanner 3D, (3) buka Microsoft Excel dan import koordinat AutoCAD tersebut dengan cara mem-block obyek yang ingin diketahui koordinatnya, (4) lacak data-data koordinat z dari ujung tumit (heel cup) hingga ujung jari kaki yang terjauh dan menggradasinya dari nilai koordintat z terkecil hingga terbesar, (5) plot distribusi nilai z tersebut dalam warna-warna yang berbeda (merah terbesar dan biru gelap terkecil) seperti diperlihatkan pada Gambar 9a.…”

Estimasi Deformasi Tumit Telapak Kaki Manusia Saat Berdiri Tegak Menggunakan Scanner 3D

“…Untuk memperoleh koordinat telapak kaki dilakukan dengan cara mengimport file .dxf hasil 3D scanning menggunakan AutoCAD dan membuka Microsoft Excel yang tersedia di AutoCAD. Hasil pengeplotan titik-titik koordinat telapak kaki diperlihatkan seperti Gambar 4c [14] dan dengan menggunakan MATLAB dapat diperoleh fungsi f(x,y) seperti terlihat pada Gambar 5 [15].…”