The analysis of normal and pathological variation in human foot morphology is central to several biomedical disciplines, including orthopedics, orthotic design, sports sciences, and physical anthropology, and it is also important for efficient footwear design. A classic and frequently used approach to study foot morphology is analysis of the footprint shape and footprint depth. Footprints are relatively easy to produce and to measure, and they can be preserved naturally in different soils. In this study, we need to correlate footprint depth with corresponding foot pressure of individual using 3D scanner. Several approaches are used for modeling and estimating footprint depths and foot pressures. The deepest footprint point is calculated from z max coordinate-z min coordinate and the average of foot pressure is calculated from GRF divided to foot area contact and identical with the average of footprint depth. Evaluation of footprint depth was found from importing 3D scanner file (dxf) in AutoCAD, the z-coordinates than sorted from the highest to the lowest value using Microsoft Excel to make footprinting depth in difference color. This research is only qualitatif study because doesn't use foot pressure device as comparator, and resulting the maximum pressure on calceneus is 3.02 N/cm 2 , lateral arch is 3.66 N/cm 2 , and metatarsal and hallux is 3.68 N/cm 2 .

Background: Osteoarthritis is a long-term, chronic disease that is usually marked by cartilage degeneration in the joints, which in turn induces bone friction. One of the subtype of this disease is facet joint osteoarthritis or in short, FJOA. In Indonesia, FJOA has not been commonly documented. The most common method for FJOA inspection is X-Ray modality. The usage of other radiology imaging, such as CT-Scan or MRI, are also used to evaluate erosion, osteophyte creation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint constriction. Nevertheless, the most ideal FJOA inspection method is still an ongoing debate due to strengths and weaknesses of each methods. CT scans are more widely used than MRIs and are typically less expensive. MRIs, however, are thought to be superior in regards to the detail of the image. Objective: To understand the effect of age, sex, and spinal level towards FJOA on MRI scanning. Method: This research used cross-sectional approach. Sample taken in this research were all radiology results from patients that fulfills inclusion criteria and had gone through MRI inspection in Jatinegara Premier Hospital. Age, sex, disk degeneration degree, and spinal level are the main focus for this study since those are the most common risk factor for FJOA. Results: 46.8% of FJOA were found in male patients while the other 53.2% were found in females. L4-5 and Grade 1 FJOA had the highest incidence found, with the amount of 29% and 48.4% respectively. There was no correlation between sex and FJOA degree based on Asymp. Sig of 0.255. There was also no correlation between age and FJOA degree based on Asymp. Sig of 0.702. However, there was a correlation between spinal level and disk degeneration degree with FJOA degree due to Asymp. Sig <0.05.  Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between age and sex to lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis and there was a significant relationship between spinal level and disk degeneration degree with lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Gait analysis is the study about how to move. However, the normal gait reference which is currently used is the normal gait of Europeans. The body proportions, leg length, and height between Europeans and Indonesians are different.Methods: The samples were 44 Indonesian aged 18 – 26 years which was divided into 22 males and 22 females. Samples used legging and socks that had been marked with a color at a certain point. The research sample walked on a treadmill at low, medium and high speeds and recorded from the back and sides. Based on the video, the angles of the hip joint, knee join was assessed.Results: In male subjects, the joint angles of low, medium and high speed walking: maximal thigh joint (21.30o, 21.77o, 22.67o), minimal thigh joint (-7.05o, -7.74o, 8.66o), maximal knee joint (55.25o, 57.00o, 60.04o), minimal knee joints (9.63o, 10.13o, 10.50o). In female subjects, the joint angles of low, medium and high speed walking: maximal thigh joint (24.02o, 24.43o, 24.99o), minimum thigh joint (-3.25o, -3.86o, -4.22o), maximal knee joint (53.60o, 56.80o, 58.99o), minimal knee joints (11.12o, 12.94o, 12.83o).Conclusion: The faster walking speed, the greater angle of thigh joint and knee joint