Estimation of instantaneous moment arms of lower-leg muscles

Spoor, C.W.; Leeuwen, J.L. van; Meskers, Carel G.M.; Titulaer, A.F.; Huson, A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(90)90382-d

Cited by 168 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been reported that passive angular joint movement results in considerable aponeurosis displacement (27,28,35). Thus, if any ankle joint movement should occur in the direction of plantar flexion during the ramp contractions, the observed aponeurosis displacement would be attributed to both joint angular rotation and contraction-related tissue deformation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo

Bojsen‐Møller

Hansen²,

Aagaard³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

152

148

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. Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo. J Appl Physiol 97: 1908 -1914, 2004. First published June 25, 2004 doi:10.1152/ japplphysiol.00084.2004.-The human triceps surae muscle-tendon complex is a unique structure with three separate muscle compartments that merge via their aponeuroses into the Achilles tendon. The mechanical function and properties of these structures during muscular contraction are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent to which differential displacement occurs between the aponeuroses of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (Sol) muscles during plantar flexion. Eight subjects (mean Ϯ SD; age 30 Ϯ 7 yr, body mass 76.8 Ϯ 5.5 kg, height 1.83 Ϯ 0.06 m) performed maximal isometric ramp contractions with the plantar flexor muscles. The experiment was performed in two positions: position 1, in which the knee joint was maximally extended, and position 2, in which the knee joint was maximally flexed (125°). Plantarflexion moment was assessed with a strain gauge load cell, and the corresponding displacement of the MG and Sol aponeuroses was measured by ultrasonography. Differential shear displacement of the aponeurosis was quantified by subtracting displacement of Sol from that of MG. Maximal plantar flexion moment was 36% greater in position 1 than in position 2 (132 Ϯ 20 vs. 97 Ϯ 11 N ⅐ m). In position 1, the displacement of the MG aponeurosis at maximal force exceeded that of the Sol (12.6 Ϯ 1.7 vs. 8.9 Ϯ 1.5 mm), whereas in position 2 displacement of the Sol was greater than displacement of the MG (9.6 Ϯ 1.0 vs. 7.9 Ϯ 1.2 mm). The amount and "direction" of shear between the aponeuroses differed significantly between the two positions across the entire range of contraction, indicating that the Achilles tendon may be exposed to intratendinous shear and stress gradients during human locomotion. triceps surae; Achilles tendon; ultrasound; connective tissue mechanical properties; tendon shear strain; intratendinous stress THE HUMAN TRICEPS SURAE muscle-tendon structure is intricate in constitution and function, with three separate muscle compartments that merge via their aponeuroses into a common tendon to ultimately insert on the calcaneus. The combined forces generated by the triceps surae muscles during locomotion are transmitted to the Achilles tendon and may reach 1,400 -2,600 N during walking and 3, 100 -5,330 N during running (13, 15, 34). It has been suggested that these large forces imposed on the tendon contribute to various loading-related pathologies such as tendinopathy (19), although the exact etiology remains largely intangible. Consequently, a more detailed understanding of the intrinsic contraction properties of the multipart triceps surae structure may contribute to the development of future treatment paradigms and/or prophylactic intervention models.Information on the mechanical properties and function of the aponeurosis and tendon have tradition...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo

Bojsen‐Møller

Hansen²,

Aagaard³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

152

148

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“…Moment arms for all muscles ( Table 2) were assumed to be constant and based on published data [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Force generation of the muscle was modeled by a three-element Hill model (Fig.…”

Section: Equations Of Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a 3-D Model to Predict Knee Joint Loading During Dynamic Movement

McLean

Bogert

2003

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

213

180

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“…One method used to estimate muscle forces is calculation of the ratio of the muscular moment about a joint and the moment arm of the muscle or tendon of interest. A number of techniques can be used to obtain muscle moment arms, including cadaver dissection (6,7,11,27), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (16,26), and ultrasound imaging (9,(12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second technique is the tendon excursion (TE) method. The principle of virtual work (1,28) is used to compute the moment arm as the ratio of the linear displacement of the tendon to the angular excursion of the corresponding joint (9,17,27). Thus it does not require knowledge of the location of the COR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct comparison of in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained from ultrasound and MR scans

Fath

Blazevich

Waugh

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

121

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Accurate and reliable estimation of muscle moment arms is a prerequisite for the development of musculoskeletal models. Numerous techniques are available to estimate the Achilles tendon moment arm in vivo. The purposes of this study were 1) to compare in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained using the center of rotation (COR) and tendon excursion (TE) methods and 2) to assess the reliability of each method. For the COR method, magnetic resonance (MR) images from nine participants were obtained at ankle angles of −15°, 0°, and +15° and analyzed using Reuleaux' method. For the TE method, the movement of the gastrocnemius medialis-Achilles tendon junction was recorded using ultrasonography as the ankle was passively rotated through its range of motion. The Achilles tendon moment arm was obtained by differentiation of tendon displacement with respect to ankle angular excursion using seven different differentiation techniques. Moment arms obtained using the COR method were significantly greater than those obtained using the TE method ( P < 0.01), but results from both methods were well correlated. The coefficient of determination between moment arms derived from the COR and TE methods was highest when tendon displacement was linearly differentiated over a ±10° interval ( R2 = 0.94). The between-measurement coefficient of variation was 3.9% for the COR method and 4.5–9.7% for the TE method, depending on the differentiation technique. The high reliabilities and strong relationship between methods demonstrate that both methods are robust against their limitations. The large absolute between-method differences (∼25–30%) in moment arms have significant implications for their use in musculoskeletal models.

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Estimation of instantaneous moment arms of lower-leg muscles

Cited by 168 publications

References 13 publications

Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo

Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo

Development and Validation of a 3-D Model to Predict Knee Joint Loading During Dynamic Movement

Direct comparison of in vivo Achilles tendon moment arms obtained from ultrasound and MR scans

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