Estimation of lattice strain in ZnO nanoparticles: X-ray peak profile analysis

Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from chitosan and zinc chloride by a precipitation method. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction peak profile analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and Photoluminescence. The X-ray diffraction results revealed that the sample was crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase. We have investigated the crystallite development in ZnO nanoparticles by X-ray peak profile analysis. The Williamson-Hall analysis and size-strain plot were used to study the individual contributions of crystallite sizes and lattice strain e on the peak broadening of ZnO nanoparticles. The parameters including strain, stress and energy density value were calculated for all the reflection peaks of X-ray diffraction corresponding to wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO lying in the range 20°-80°using the modified form of Williamson-Hall plots and size-strain plot. The results showed that the crystallite size estimated from Scherrer's formula, Williamson-Hall plots and size-strain plot, and the particle size estimated from Transmission electron microscopy analysis are very much inter-correlated. Both methods, the X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy, provide less deviation between crystallite size and particle size in the present case.

The effect of post annealing treatment on the citrate sol–gel derived nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 powder: structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties

“…The value of D increases with increase of annealing temperature. The dislocation density, lattice strain, micro strain, and stacking fault for the present series samples are extracted from d = 1/D 2 (Sathyamoorthy et al 2006;Sharma et al 2011;Touati et al 2014;Bindu and Thomas 2014), e = b/ 4 9 tanh (Thool et al 2014), e = b 9 cosh/4 (Sathyamoorthy et al 2006;Sharma et al 2011) and SF = 2p 2 /45H(3tanh) (Touati et al 2014;Thool et al 2014), respectively, and their values are given in Table 1. From Table 1 we notice that the dislocation density, lattice strain, micro strain, and stacking fault for the annealed samples decrease with the increase of annealing temperature.…”

Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

“…Small variation in the intensity and broadening of peaks represents the rearrangement of crystal plane according to synthesis conditions [23]. Also reduction of the values of cell parameters: a and c indicates the presence of some stress or strain in the crystal lattice of the samples [22,23]. The strain observed in the samples can be explained by the Uniform Deformation Model (UDM) using Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot [22,24] which claims that the diffraction line broadening is due to strain ( ) effect and reduction in crystallite size.…”

“…Also reduction of the values of cell parameters: a and c indicates the presence of some stress or strain in the crystal lattice of the samples [22,23]. The strain observed in the samples can be explained by the Uniform Deformation Model (UDM) using Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot [22,24] which claims that the diffraction line broadening is due to strain ( ) effect and reduction in crystallite size. The UDM equation was calculated by using the diffraction peak broadening and is given by [22,24]:…”

“…This equation represents the Uniform Deformation Model (UDM) which assumes that the strain is uniform in all crystallographic directions [22,24]. The amount of strain was calculated by plotting a graph β cos θ versus 4 sin θ shown in Fig.…”

Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical-sensor applications of zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposite

“…3b, c), a coincidence of diffraction peaks for ZnO NCs and ZnO/GO nanocomposite is highly remarkable indicating the formation of well crystalline structure of ZnO NCs onto the GO surface. Peaks at 31.7°, 34.4°, 36.2°, 47.4°, 56.6°62.9°, 65.5°, 68.0°and 69.1°that are corresponding to (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) lattice planes, respectively, indicating the formation of wurtzite structure with 2D hexagonal P6 3 mc space group [25,26].…”