The effect of post annealing treatment on the citrate sol–gel derived nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 powder: structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties

Brightlin, B. C.; Balamurugan, S.

doi:10.1007/s13204-016-0531-1

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…More Ni 2+ content will partially position these cations on tetrahedral sites, increasing particle size and Ms. The measured Ms values are comparable to those in [Saba et al, 2021;Brightlin, 2016], somewhat lower than in [Eman, 2018], and higher than in [Muhammad et al, 2018]. The difference is related to particle size, composition, and crystallinity.…”

Section: Composition Analysissupporting

confidence: 78%

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Magnetic properties of Ba Ferrite Substituted by Low Fraction of Ni Cations

Abdel-Mohsen

Lafta

Hashim

2022

KJS publishes peer-review articles in Mathematics, Computer Sci

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Four compositions of spinel NixBa1-xFe2O4 of x =0, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.15 were prepared by the auto-combustion route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were utilized to determine the structural properties. All samples showed a cubic spinel structure with a noticeable FTIR tetrahedral band blue shift as the molar ratio x was increased. The crystallite size and particle size have the same behavior as x changed from 0 to 0.15. Spherical nanoparticles aggregated into large clusters were found throughout the samples. Magnetic properties, displayed a drop in magnetization saturation as x increased to its max value. A saturation magnetization (Ms) of more than 48 emu/g was achieved at x = 0 and x = 0.15 while the coercivity did not change clearly. The fitting by the Langevin equation using Originlab software showed very close values of Ms to those measured by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) test. Magnetic parameters are generally affected by both composition and particle size.

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Section: Composition Analysissupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The patterns of all samples match the cubic spinel structure of JCPDF card no.46-0113 very well.[B. C. Brightlin et al, 2016]. The stuffed rhombohedral structure, (PDF: 00-020-0130), and post spinel of the orthorhombic structure with JCPDS card no.46-0113 [HANANE FODIL et al, 2017] have different patterns, hence they are excluded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic properties of Ba Ferrite Substituted by Low Fraction of Ni Cations

Abdel-Mohsen

Lafta

Hashim

2022

KJS publishes peer-review articles in Mathematics, Computer Sci

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“…As confirmed by the grain size distribution histograms, a large distribution of grain sizes was produced, and all of the distributions were generally in the range of 2–12 µm [13]. Based on the FESEM image, for all samples, some of the grains had nearly spherical shapes, and others had elongated shapes [56,57,58,59]. The grains of the samples appeared to stick each other and agglomerate at different masses throughout the image.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Ratio in Ammonium Nitrate on the Structural, Microstructural, Magnetic, and AC Conductivity Properties of BaFe12O19

et al. 2018

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This paper investigates the effect of the ratio of ammonium nitrate (AN) on the structural, microstructural, magnetic, and alternating current (AC) conductivity properties of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). The BaFe12O19 were prepared by using the salt melt method. The samples were synthesized using different powder-to-salt weight ratio variations (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7) of BaCO3 + Fe2O3 and ammonium nitrate salt. The NH4NO3 was melted on a hot plate at 170 °C. A mixture of BaCO3 and Fe2O3 were added into the NH4NO3 melt solution and stirred for several hours using a magnetic stirrer under a controlled temperature of 170 °C. The heating temperature was then increased up to 260 °C for 24 hr to produce an ash powder. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show the intense peak of BaFe12O19 for all the samples and the presence of a small amount of the impurity Fe2O3 in the samples, at a ratio of 1:5 and 1:6. From the Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra, the band appears at 542.71 cm−1 and 432.48 cm−1, which corresponding to metal–oxygen bending and the vibration of the octahedral sites of BaFe12O19. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the grains of the samples appear to stick each other and agglomerate at different masses throughout the image with the grain size 5.26, 5.88, 6.14, 6.22, and 6.18 µm for the ratios 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7 respectively. From the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, the magnetic properties of the sample ratio at 1:3 show the highest value of coercivity Hc of 1317 Oe, a saturation magnetization Ms of 91 emu/g, and a remnant Mr of 44 emu/g, respectively. As the temperature rises, the AC conductivity is increases with an increase in frequency.

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“…Stacking fault is a planner defect and has a direct relation with 2 and has inverse relation with . of stacking fault with respect to Ce +3 concentration shows inhomogeneous behavior, where stacking fault first rises then decreases to lowest value and then again increases at (x = 1.0), This inhomogeneous behavior can be due to annealing temperature (Brightlin & Balamurugan, 2016). Stacking fault is found to be between 0.469 -0.473.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The x-ray density is observed increasing from 5.29 -5.76 g/cm 3 depending on the Ce +3 concentration. Which is attributed due to higher molar mass of Ce 3+ (140.12 g/m) in a comparison with Fe 3+ (55.845 g/m), so the x-ray density rises as the concentration of Ce 3+ increases (Brightlin & Balamurugan, 2016). The bulk densityb of the organized pallets is measured by using the principle (3):…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping Effect and Microstructure Behavior of Rare-Earth Element Cerium (Ce+3) in Barium Hexaferrite (BaCexFe12-xO19) Nanoparticles

Gilani¹,

Ahmed²,

Asghar³

et al. 2020

J. Mat. Phy.

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Cerium substituted BaM hexaferrites BaCexFe12-xO19 (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) nano crystallites were synthesized via Sol-gel method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were analyzed by Rietveld refinement which confirms the formation of hexagonal structure. The crystalline size was calculated by Debye Scherrer method, W–H method and SSP method. The lattice constant ? found to decrease, this was due to the octahedral site replacing a large radius of Ce3+ ion with a smaller radius Fe3+ ion, While the lattice constant c found increase. The x-ray density observed increases with increasing Ce3+ concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the two frequency bands n1 tetrahedral site and n2 octahedral site in a range between 400–620 cm-1. Impedance analyzer was used to investigate the dielectric properties in a range of 1 MHz – 3 GHz following Maxwell Wagner model. Dielectric constant showed decreasing trend while dielectric loss showed dispersive behavior by increasing frequency and same was that with tangent loss, such behavior was due to Koop's phenomenological theory. AC conductivity exhibits a plane behavior in a low frequency, while dispersive in high frequency. Such behavior was due to grain effect at high frequency. Impedance showed continuous action at high frequency, which is attributed to the release of space charges. The real and imaginary modulus showed variation by increasing frequency, which was due to the occurrence of relaxation phenomenon. As per dielectric research, these ferrites can be utilized in high frequency devices, microwave technologies, and semiconductor devices.

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The effect of post annealing treatment on the citrate sol–gel derived nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 powder: structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties

Cited by 36 publications

References 54 publications

Magnetic properties of Ba Ferrite Substituted by Low Fraction of Ni Cations

Magnetic properties of Ba Ferrite Substituted by Low Fraction of Ni Cations

Effect of Ratio in Ammonium Nitrate on the Structural, Microstructural, Magnetic, and AC Conductivity Properties of BaFe12O19

Doping Effect and Microstructure Behavior of Rare-Earth Element Cerium (Ce+3) in Barium Hexaferrite (BaCexFe12-xO19) Nanoparticles

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