Estimation of natural groundwater recharge in the Karoo aquifers of South Africa

Tonder, G. J. Van; Kirchner, John A.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(90)90243-q

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The hydraulic conductivity is uniform in the region under consideration. The approximation of GW in = GW out can be justified by Darcy's law for the flow rate ( G ) as the product of transmissivity, boundary width, and average of the initial and final hydraulic conductivities at the boundaries divided by the area of the region (Van Tonder and Kirchner, 1990). A typical value of lateral flow may be taken as 6.25 × 10 −2 m/h (Strahler and Strahler, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on Water Resources from Upstream Water Diversion in the Ganges Basin

Adel

2001

J of Env Quality

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Bangladesh faces at least 30 upstream water diversion constructions of which Farakka Barrage is the major one. The effects of Farakka Barrage on water resources, socioeconomy, and culture have been investigated downstream in the basins of the Ganges and its distributaries. A diversion of up to 60% of the Ganges water over 25 yr has caused (i) reduction of water in surface water resources, (ii) increased dependence on ground water, (iii) destruction of the breeding and raising grounds for 109 species of Gangetic fishes and other aquatic species and amphibians, (iv) increased malnutrition, (v) deficiency in soil organic matter content, (vi) change in the agricultural practices, (vii) eradication of inland navigable routes, (viii) outbreak of waterborne diseases, (ix) loss of professions, and (x) obstruction to religious observances and pastimes. Further, arsenopyrites buried in the prebarrage water table have come in contact with air and formed water-soluble compounds of arsenic. Inadequate recharging of ground water hinders the natural cleansing of arsenic, and threatens about 75,000,000 lives who are likely to use water contaminated with up to 2 mg/L of arsenic. Furthermore, the depletion of surface water resources has caused environmental heating and cooling effects. Apart from these effects, sudden releases of water by the barrage during the flood season cause devestating floods. In consideration of such a heavy toll for the areas downstream, strict international rules have to be laid down to preserve the riparian ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on Water Resources from Upstream Water Diversion in the Ganges Basin

Adel

2001

J of Env Quality

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“…Then, following Van Tonder & Kirchner (1990), the approximation of GW in = GW out can be justified by the general form of Darcy's law which is:…”

Section: Subsurface Inflow and Outflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The background state leading to arsenic contamination of Bengal Basin groundwater

Adel

2005

Journal of Water and Health

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“…A review of a number of alternative approaches to the modeling of the recharge mechanism in semi-arid areas is discussed by many researchers in the literature (Allison, 1988;Rushton, 1988 Kirchner, 1990;Sophocleous, 1991;Kruseman, 1997;Sorman et al, 1997). Much less work has been done on artificial groundwater recharge (Latinopoulos, 1981;Dillon and Liggett, 1983;Ezzeddine and Besbes, 1991;Kruseman, 1997;Nazoumou and Besbes, 2000).…”

Section: The Artificial Recharge Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%