Estimation of naturally occurring radionuclides in fertilizers using gamma spectrometry and elemental analysis by XRF and XRD techniques

Chauhan, Pooja; Chauhan, R. P.; Gupta, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.007

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This fact is supported by multivariate statistical analyses between concentration-dependent magnetic parameters and common constituents (e.g., Ca, P, Fe and 40 K) of agro-additives, such as chemical fertilisers from the Indian markets and industries reported by Chauhan et al (2013). The higher concentration of 40 K may be due to the use of potassium fertiliser to a large extent in agriculture in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Moreover, most of these elements are not easily weathered, so they should increase their relative concentration downstream. As reported by Chauhan et al (2013), in different fertiliser samples from the Indian markets and industries, these fertilisers (e.g., potash fertiliser, nitrogen phosphorous potassium, zinc sulphate, organic fertiliser, etc.) contain enhanced concentrations of natural radionuclides Fig.…”

Section: 2 S P a T I A L D I S T R I B U T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The higher concentration of 40 K may be due to the use of chemical fertiliser to a large extent in agriculture (Akhtar et al, 2005), e.g., potassium fertilisers are excessively used in agriculture activities (intense cultivation for wet and dry crops) in this area (Kannan and Joseph, 2009). Studies of fertilisers in several countries, including Finland (Mustonen, 1985), Italy (Righi et al, 2005), Saudi Arabia (Alharbi, 2013), Nigeria (Jibiril and Fasae, 2012) and India (Chauhan et al, 2013), have reported the enhanced concentration of natural radionuclides. Radionuclides, together with some other heavy metals, are the primary toxic pollutants for phosphate fertilisers.…”

Section: 2 S P a T I A L D I S T R I B U T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the knowledge and detailed understanding of the various types of these components are essential to humans in monitoring the environmental changes by natural background radiation (radioactive elements) and anthropogenic activities emitting particulate matter, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants (El-Bahi, 2004;El-Gamal et al, 2007;Evans and Heller, 2003). Trace elements (as toxic metals) are introduced into agricultural soils by cultivation practices such as fertilisation, irrigation, pesticide application and organic waste disposal (Chen et al, 2007, Chauhan et al, 2013. Moreover, as it is widely known, human actions also play a mixed role: they increase erosion by employing inadequate soil use practices and, in contrast, they retain sediments behind dams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By processing phosphate rock to fertiliser, the radioactivity of the ore is transferred to the product and to waste products (Scholten and Timmermans, 1996). One of the sources of radioactivity, other than those of natural origin, is mainly due to extensive use of fertilisers; among a number of studies, Chauhan et al (2013) reported that different fertilisers (e.g., potash fertiliser, nitrogen phosphorous potassium, zinc sulphate, organic fertiliser, etc.) contain an enhanced concentration of natural radionuclides, the presence of major elements, as well as fluorapatite, hydroxylapatite, chlorapatite and iron oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic, chemical and radionuclide studies of river sediments and their variation with different physiographic regions of Bharathapuzha river, southwestern India

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: 2 S P a T I A L D I S T R I B U T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: 2 S P a T I A L D I S T R I B U T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Magnetic, chemical and radionuclide studies of river sediments and their variation with different physiographic regions of Bharathapuzha river, southwestern India

et al. 2015

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Analyses on the application of components in the phosphogypsum decomposition residue: Based on the study of migration and conversion rules of elements in the purification procedure of CaO

Dai

Xie

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Phosphogypsum (PG), which is a solid waste in phosphate fertilizer industry, is harmful to the environment. The pyrogenetic decomposition is mainly used in the utilization of PG, and PG decomposition residue is produced in the decomposition process. In this paper, the migration and conversion rules of elements (Al, Si, P, K, Ca, and Fe) in the purification procedure of CaO in PG decomposition residue was investigated. The acid–base method was used to purify CaO. Content and chemical forms of elements in the purification procedure were analyzed by many characterization methods such as SEM and EDS. And moreover, changes on chemical forms of elements were supported theoretically by some ternary phase diagrams, which were made by the FactSage thermodynamics software. The result showed that, the soluble silicon dioxide and the acid‐insoluble material in PG decomposition residue were effectively removed by using the acid–base method. Meanwhile, impurities separated from CaO and the CaO sample were produced in the experiment, the former can be used to produce the building materials, refractories, insulating materials in various industrial fields, and CaO sample could be used as the filler, building materials, decolorant, etc. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1020–1030, 2018

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Gamma‐ray spectrometry as versatile tool in soil science: A critical review

Reinhardt

Herrmann

2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Gamma‐ray spectrometry is an established method in geo‐sciences. This article gives an overview on fundamentals of gamma‐ray spectrometry that are relevant to soil science including basic technical aspects, and discusses influencing factors, inconsistencies, limitations, and open questions related to the method. Gamma‐ray spectrometry relies on counting gamma quanta during radionuclide decay of 40K, 238U, and 232Th, but secular equilibrium for the decay series of U and Th must be given as decays of their respective daughter radionuclides are used for determination. Secular equilibrium for U and Th decay series, however, is not always given leading to, e.g., anomalies in U concentration measurements. For soil science, gamma‐ray spectrometry is of specific value since it does not only detect a signal from the landscape surface, but integrates information over a certain volume. Besides, different spatial scales can be covered using either ground‐based or airborne sensing techniques. Together with other remote sensing methods, gamma signatures can provide completive information for understanding land forming processes and soil properties distributions. At first, signals depend on bedrock composition. The signals are in second order altered by weathering processes leading to more interpretation opportunities and challenges. Due to their physico‐chemical properties, radionuclides behave differently in soils and their properties can be distinguished via the resulting signatures. Hence, gamma signatures of soils are specific for local environments. Processes like soil erosion can superimpose gamma signals from in situ weathering. Soil mappings, available K and texture determination, or peat and soil erosion mapping are possible applications being discussed in this review.

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Estimation of naturally occurring radionuclides in fertilizers using gamma spectrometry and elemental analysis by XRF and XRD techniques

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Magnetic, chemical and radionuclide studies of river sediments and their variation with different physiographic regions of Bharathapuzha river, southwestern India

Magnetic, chemical and radionuclide studies of river sediments and their variation with different physiographic regions of Bharathapuzha river, southwestern India

Analyses on the application of components in the phosphogypsum decomposition residue: Based on the study of migration and conversion rules of elements in the purification procedure of CaO

Gamma‐ray spectrometry as versatile tool in soil science: A critical review

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