Estimation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in field populations of the European pine sawfly, <i>Neodiprion sertifer</i> (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Kaupp, W.J.

doi:10.1139/z83-239

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Regardless of the mechanism, the result that late instars are both more infectious and more likely to become infected indicates that, in epizootics in natural populations, infection rates should be highest among late instars. This is indeed true in naturally occurring virus epizootics in many Lepidoptera (and diprionid Hymenoptera [sawflies]) (Kaupp 1983, Tanada 1985, Woods and Elkinton 1987 including DFTM (Mason andThompson 1971, Mason 1981), although often there is a peak of infection in the first instar due to the overwinter survival of virus on contaminated eggs (Murray and Elkinton 1989). This correspondence between the results of my experiments and observations of naturally occurring epizootics suggests that my results are not peculiar to my small experimental arenas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This phenomenon is sometimes interpreted to mean that healthy late instars in the field are less likely to become infected with the disease (Entwistle et al 1983, Tanada 1985, Watanabe 1987. Second, infectiousness, as measured by the number of virus particles produced by an infected host, increases with instar ( Thompson and Scott 1979, Kaupp 1983, Teakle and Byrne 1989. This has likewise been interpreted to mean that infected late instars in the field are more likely to transmit the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Roles of Density, Stage, and Patchiness in the Transmission of an Insect Virus

Dwyer¹

1991

Ecology

112

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Although the importance of insect viruses in the population dynamics of their hosts is widely acknowledged, ecologists are still relatively ignorant of the factors determining the rate of transmission of insect viruses in the field. I performed a series of field experiments in which I investigated the transmission dynamics of the nuclear poly— hedrosis virus (NPV) of Douglas—fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in northern Idaho, USA. In these experiments, I reared healthy and infected healthy larvae that became infected as a measure of transmission. I explored the influences of density, stage structure, and spatial structure on transmission by manipulating the density and stage distribution of healthy and infected hosts, and the spatial distribution of infected hosts. The experiments indicate that transmission is strongly affected by the densities of both healthy and infected hosts, but the effect depends on the instar of each. Late instars are both more infectious and more likely to become infected than are early instars, so that the NPV is more likely to spread in populations of late—instar tussock moth larvae. I also found that transmission is affected by the spatial distribution of infected hosts, and this effect also depends on the instar of healthy hosts. That is, transmission to healthy early instars decreases with increasing patchiness of infected hosts, but transmission to healthy late instars is essentially unaffected by patchiness. I discuss how these results can be in— terpreted in terms of behavioral differences among instars, and relate the results to the mathematical theory of disease and the use of viruses in biological pest control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Density, Stage, and Patchiness in the Transmission of an Insect Virus

Dwyer¹

1991

Ecology

112

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“…The model thus ignores much of what biologists have discovered can influence the course of a virus disease in an individual host. For example, host stage can affect the susceptibility (Watanabe 1987;Hochberg 1991) and infectiousness (Thompson & Scott 1979;Kaupp 1983; Teakle & Byrne 1989; Dwyer 1991a) of individual hosts. Chemical constituents of foliage consumed by hosts also can affect the susceptibility of individual hosts (Keating & Yendol 1987;Keating, McCarthy & Yendol 1990).…”

Section: Ds D = R(s + I)-vps Eqn 1 Dt Di -= Vps-(x( + B)i Eqn 2 Dp -=mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Simple Models to Predict Virus Epizootics in Gypsy Moth Populations

Dwyer¹,

Elkinton²

1993

The Journal of Animal Ecology

143

154

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“…Epizootics of NeabNPV occur at peak balsam fir sawfly population outbreak densities [ 10 , 13 ], but it is not clear how NeabNPV epizootics are initiated and transmitted throughout balsam fir sawfly populations. Other studies on NPV transmission in sawflies have shown that epizootics are initiated from persistent environmental contamination with OBs [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] and subsequent spread from groups of sawfly larvae within a tree and from tree to tree [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The current study demonstrates how a NeabNPV epizootic might begin in balsam fir sawfly populations with the initial infection of low numbers of balsam fir sawfly larvae in isolated groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of a Gammabaculovirus within Cohorts of Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Larvae

Graves

Quiring

Lucarotti

2012

Insects

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Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV: Gammabaculovirus: Baculoviridae) of diprionid sawflies (Diprionidae: Hymenoptera) are highly host specific and only infect the midgut epithelium. While still alive, infected sawfly larvae excrete NPV-laden diarrhea that contaminates food sources. The diarrhea can then be consumed by conspecific larvae, resulting in rapid horizontal transmission of the virus. To better understand the efficacy of Gammabaculovirus-based biological control products, the horizontal spread of such a virus (NeabNPV) within cohorts of balsam fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) larvae was studied by introducing NeabNPV-treated larvae into single-cohort groups at densities similar to those observed during the increasing (field study) and peak (laboratory study) phases of an outbreak. In field studies (~200 N. abietis larvae/m2 of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) foliage), NeabNPV-induced mortality increased positively in a density-dependent manner, from 23% (in control groups) to 51% with the addition of one first-instar NeabNPV-treated larva, to 84% with 10 first–instar-treated larvae. Mortality was 60% and 63% when one or 10 NeabNPV-treated third-instar larva(e), respectively, were introduced into groups. Slightly higher levels of NeabNPV-induced mortality occurring when NeabNPV-treated larvae were introduced into first- rather than third-instar cohorts suggests that early instars are more susceptible to the virus. In the laboratory (~1330 N. abietis larvae/ m2 of foliage), NeabNPV-caused mortality increased from 20% in control groups to over 80% with the introduction of one, five or 10 NeabNPV-treated larvae into treatment groups of first-instar larvae.

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Estimation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in field populations of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

The Roles of Density, Stage, and Patchiness in the Transmission of an Insect Virus

The Roles of Density, Stage, and Patchiness in the Transmission of an Insect Virus

Using Simple Models to Predict Virus Epizootics in Gypsy Moth Populations

Transmission of a Gammabaculovirus within Cohorts of Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Larvae

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