Estimation of residual stresses in locomotive wheel treads using the acoustoelasticity method

Analysis of stress distribution in a rail by electromagnetic-acoustic method

“…Experimental evaluation of mechanical stresses was carried out with the acoustoelasticity effect [9] and the electromagnetic-acoustic method of input and receiving shear waves [10]. The method is based on the stress dependence of ultrasonic wave propagation velocity in the solid body related through acoustoelasticity rates.…”

“…The transverse waves polarized in the longitudinal vertical plane, with the longitudinal load, have a significant change compared with the waves polarized in the transverse vertical plane, where the stresses are ignored. The stresses are defined [10] …”

“…Special software enables to watch simultaneously the monitor device echogram multiple reflections of the two shear waves with mutually perpendicular polarization planes (Fig. 2b) [10]. The use of the methods of coherent temporary storage and processing of the autocorrelation in this program has given an opportunity to provide an instrumental error of ± 2 MPa for stress assessment.…”

Effect of X46Cr13 Microstructure on the Ultrasound Rate Propagation under Plastic Deformation

“…Analysis of the change in ultrasound rate in tensile deformation permits identification of the stages in plastic f low due to differences in the plastic defects observed in the metal, as shown for the extension of aluminum in [2][3][4][5]. The ultrasound rate in structural steels [6][7][8][9] depends both on the residual stress and on the concentration factor [10][11][12][13].…”