Estimation of soil loss by an integrated approach of USLE and geospatial techniques—a case study of Kumulur watershed

Soil Erosion by Hand Tools for Small-Scale Tillage on Hillslopes Assessed Through the Universal Soil Loss Equation

“…The amount of soil being removed from the plots was estimated using the USLE (Equation 1). The equation estimates the average annual loss (A, ton ha -1 year -1 ) as a function of the product between erosion factors by rainfall and runoff events (R, MJ mm ha -1 h -1 year -1 ), soil erodibility (K, ton h MJ -1 mm -1 ), slope length (L, dimensionless), slope steepness (S, dimensionless), coverage, vegetation management (C, dimensionless), and supporting practices (P, dimensionless) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978;Roy, 2019;Madasamy, Joshua and Rajangam, 2020;Selmy et al, 2021)spatial-based models of soil erosion are required. The current study proposed a spatial-based model that integrated geographic information systems (GIS.…”

“…The R factor indicates the annual average amount of kinetic energy as a consequence of frequency and intensity of rainfall and runoff events to remove and drag soil particles over an extended period (Madasamy, Joshua and Rajangam, 2020) The R factor was calculated for an extended period of four years using the rainfall records between January 2014 and December 2017 and with a monthly resolution. Data were obtained from the climatic station located in the Santa Elena educational institution at a straight-line distance of 0.96 km from the experimental site, which is part of the Early Warning System of Medellin and the Aburrá Valley (Sistema de Alertas Tempranas de Medellin y el Valle de Aburrá -SIATA) (Fig.…”

“…The R factor indicates the annual average amount of kinetic energy as a consequence o and intensity of rainfall and runoff events to remove and drag soil particles over an exten (Madasamy, Joshua and Rajangam, 2020) The R factor was calculated for an extended period of four years using the rainfall recor January 2014 and December 2017 and with a monthly resolution. Data were obtaine climatic station located in the Santa Elena educational institution at a straight-line dista km from the experimental site, which is part of the Early Warning System of Medel Aburrá Valley (Sistema de Alertas Tempranas de Medellin y el Valle de Aburrá -SIAT The R factor was estimated by adding the proportions between the accumulated rainfa month (Ppi, mm), the accumulated rainfall of the corresponding j-th year (Ppj, mm), a by the number of years in the series (nj, years) (Equation 2) (Mhangara, Kakembo and Bai and Cui, 2021;Han et al, 2021).…”