1995
DOI: 10.1007/bf00712120
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Estimation of surface heat and momentum fluxes using the flux-variance method above uniform and non-uniform terrain

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Cited by 149 publications
(140 citation statements)
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References 29 publications
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“…Only negative CO 2 fluxes (c * < 0) and positive latent and sensible heat fluxes (q * > 0, θ * > 0) were considered for unstable conditions ζ < 0. In the figures, we plot empirical φ a (ζ ) functions from experimental data for which good MOST agreement was observed (Katul et al, 1995).…”
Section: General Behavior In the Roughness Sublayermentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Only negative CO 2 fluxes (c * < 0) and positive latent and sensible heat fluxes (q * > 0, θ * > 0) were considered for unstable conditions ζ < 0. In the figures, we plot empirical φ a (ζ ) functions from experimental data for which good MOST agreement was observed (Katul et al, 1995).…”
Section: General Behavior In the Roughness Sublayermentioning
confidence: 90%
“…This is not a new finding as all existing models of G and H [e.g., Sellers, 1965;Wang and Bras, 1999;Monin and Obukhov, 1954;Tillman, 1972;Katul et al, 1995] use either spatial or temporal variations of temperature. The MEP solution of heat fluxes is consistent with this property of energy budget over dry soil: the surface heat fluxes are not informative about the surface temperature, at least not directly, which gives a physical meaning to equation (19).…”
Section: A Stationary Hypothesis Of Energy Balancementioning
confidence: 91%
“…Turbulent sensible heat is often derived from the gradient of air temperature according to the well-known MoninObukhov similarity theory [Monin and Obukhov, 1954]. Also based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is the flux variance model [Tillman, 1972;Katul et al, 1995] where sensible heat flux is derived from the standard deviation of turbulent fluctuations of air temperature (at a single level). In these classical models, ground and sensible heat fluxes are estimated using either single-level or multiple-level temperature records (with other necessary input parameters).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We realize that we used empirical expressions for the functions F u ðf r Þ and F wT ðf r Þ that likely need to be re-calibrated for different surface types and conditions, as was found by e.g., Weaver (1990) and Katul et al (1995) for the temperature variance method under unstable conditions. The dataset we used was prepared for an accompanying paper (Hartogenis and De Bruin, 2005), which deals with the eÀC 2 T MOST relationships for 10-min time intervals (in order to be used later in scintillometry).…”
Section: Discussion and Concluding Remarksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This method is often referred to as the variance method. Others elaborated on this idea and showed that daytime heat and momentum fluxes can be derived from r T and the horizontal wind speed (Weaver, 1990;Lloyd et al, 1991;Vugts et al, 1993;De Bruin et al, 1993;Katul et al, 1995). The variance method also appears to be a good indicator as to whether MoninÀObukhov similarity is valid under special conditions (De Bruin et al, 1991, 1999.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%