Estimation of the biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a linseed field

Olsson, Pål Axel; Thingstrup, I.; Jakobsen, Iver; Bååth, Erland

doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00119-4

Cited by 272 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) was undertaken according to the method of Bartelt-Ryser et al (2005) with taxonomic groups ascribed to individual PLFAs using the Sherlock® PLFA Method and Tools Package (PLFAD1; Microbial ID Inc., Newark, DE). A total of 70 fatty acids were found in our soil samples but we only chose those that represented more than 0.5% of the total PLFA for biomarker and taxonomic group annotation (Ratledge and Wilkinson 1988;Kieft et al 1994;Paul and Clark 1996;Olsson et al 1999;Zelles 1999;Madan et al 2002;Niklaus et al 2003;Bartelt-Ryser et al 2005; Table 1). …”

Section: Soil Microbial Community Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop residues exacerbate the negative effects of extreme flooding on soil quality

et al. 2017

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Extreme flood events are predicted to have a negative impact on soil quality. Currently, there is a lack of information about the effect of agricultural practices on soil functioning and microbial processes under these events. We hypothesized that the impact of flooding on soil quality will be exacerbated when crop residues are present in the soil as they will induce more extreme anaerobicity. A spring extreme flood event (10°C, 9 weeks) was simulated in mesocosms containing an arable sandy-loam soil low in nutrients. The main treatments were (1) with and without flooding and (2) with and without maize residue addition (8 Mg ha −1 ). We monitored changes in soil chemical quality indicators (e.g. pH, salinity, Fe 3+ , P, C, NH 4 + , NO 3 − and organic N), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O) and soil microbial community composition (PLFAs) during a prolonged flood period (9 weeks) and an 8-week Brecovery^period after flooding. In comparison to the other treatments, flooding in the presence of crop residues resulted in a dramatic drop in soil redox potential. This was associated with the enhanced release of Fe and C into solution and an increase in CH 4 emissions. In contrast, maize residues reduced potential nitrate losses and N 2 O emissions, possibly due to complete denitrification and microbial N immobilization. Both flooding and maize residues stimulated microbial growth and promoted a shift in microbial community composition. Following floodwater removal, most of the soil quality indicators returned to the levels of the control treatment within 5 weeks. After this short recovery phase, no major impact of flooding could be observed on plant growth (maize pot-grown). Overall, we conclude that both extreme flooding and management regime negatively impact upon a range of soil quality indicators (e.g. redox, GHG emissions); however, the soil showed high resilience and recovered quickly after floodwater removal. Further work is required to investigate the impact of repeated extreme flood events on soil quality and function over longer timescales.

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Section: Soil Microbial Community Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop residues exacerbate the negative effects of extreme flooding on soil quality

et al. 2017

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“…Mycorrhizal fungi assist the uptake of phosphorus (Tinker, 1980) and trace metals and possibly influence water and nutrients via hormonal influences is not in doubt. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi account for 5-50% of the biomass of soil microbes (Olsson et al, 1999). Biomass of hyphae of AM fungi may amount to 54-900 kg ha -1 (Zhu and Miller, 2003) and some products formed by them may account for another 3000 kg (Lovelock et al, 2004).…”

Section: Mycorrhizaementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Farming for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change

Roychowdhury¹,

Banerjee²,

Sofkova³

et al. 2013

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Sustainable development has caught the imagination and action of the world for more than a decade. Sustainable agriculture is necessary to attain the goal of sustainable development. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sustainable agriculture is the successful management of resources to satisfy the changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources. All definitions of sustainable agriculture lay great emphasis on maintaining an agricultural growth rate, which can meet the demand for food of all living beings without draining the basic resources towards crop improvement. Organic farming is one of the several approaches found to meet the objectives of sustainable agriculture. Most of the techniques used in organic farming like intercropping, mulching and integration of crops and livestock are not alien to agriculture systems including the traditional agricultural practices. However, organic farming is based on various laws and certification programmes, which prohibit the use of almost all synthetic inputs and the central theme of this method is the health of soil. The adverse effects of modern agricultural practices on the farm and also on the health of living beings and thus on the environment has been well documented all over the world. Application of technology, particularly the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides all around us has persuaded people to think aloud. As a result of global climatic changes, their negative effects on the environment are manifested through soil erosion, water shortages, salination, soil contamination, genetic erosion, Organic farming is one of the widely used methods, which is thought as the best alternative to avoid the ill effects of chemical farming. It also has far more advantages over the conventional and other modern agricultural practices that are available today.

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“…After biotrophic root colonization, arbuscular mycorrhizae [23,39] may increases P uptake from soil organic phosphate. It is known that mycorrhizal extraradical mycelium is about 10 times higher than intraradical mycelium [35] which extend not only the ability to link the organic matter source to plant roots but also to release nutrients. If mycorrhizal fungi can decompose the organic matter more nutrients may be available to the intercropped plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and litter decomposition of woody species inoculated with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Semiarid Brazil

Scotti

Correa

2004

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Jaíba Project is an irrigation enterprise and its forest reserve is one of the largest protected areas of dry deciduous forest of Caatinga. However, two accidental fires burned about 90% of the area, resulting on the elimination of the trees. This study intended to evaluate the effects of dual inoculation with Rhizobium and mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Anadenanthera peregrina and its contribution to intercropped native species (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem., Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. and Acacia sp.) and to increase the soil nutrients through litter decomposition as a strategy for the restoration of the reserve. The plants of Anadenanthera peregrina which were inoculated with rhizobia strain BHICB-A10 and associated with AM, showed a significant increase in height and total nitrogen content over that uninoculated plants. In plots where A. peregrina was inoculated, growth and survival of intercropped plants as Myracrodruon urundeuva, were favoured. This result may be explained by the faster decomposition rate of M. urundeuva litter and by the increase of soil nutrients which was related with its lowest lignocellulous content. The mixture of A. peregrina with M. urundeuva was the best model for restoration.bradyrhizobia / mycorrhizal fungi / Anadenanthera peregrina / semiarid / Caatinga Résumé -Croissance et décomposition de la litière d'espèces ligneuses inoculées avec des rhizobia et des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules dans le Brésil semi-aride. Dans la réserve de forêt sèche de Caatinga, zone d'application du Projet Jaíba pour le développement socio-économique de cette région semi-aride du Brésil, deux feux accidentels ont brûlé environ 90 % des arbres. La stratégie de restauration de la réserve réside dans la possibilité d'augmenter l'apport d'éléments minéraux au sol par l'installation de cultures mixtes d'espèces ligneuses fixatrices et non fixatrices. L'étude a eu pout but d'évaluer les effets de la double inoculation de Anadenanthera peregrina par des souches de Bradyrhizobium et de champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules sur la croissance de cet arbre et de celle des autres espèces associées natives de cette région (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem., Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. et l'Acacia sp.). Les effets possibles de cette inoculation sur la capacité des arbres à augmenter la disponibilité des éléments minéraux du sol provenant de la décomposition des litières de ces arbres pourraient aider à la restauration de la réserve. La double inoculation entraîne une augmentation significative de la hauteur d'Anadenanthera peregrina et des autres espèces associées ainsi que leur teneur en azote et leur taux de survie, particulièrement en ce qui concerne M. urundeuva. Le taux de décomposition plus rapide des feuilles de M. urundeuva pourrait être attribué à un plus faible contenu ligno-cellulosique. L'association de A. peregrina avec M. urundeuva représente le meilleur modèle à utiliser dans les problèmes de restauration des sols. bradyrhizobia / champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules / Anadena...

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Estimation of the biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a linseed field

Cited by 272 publications

References 39 publications

Crop residues exacerbate the negative effects of extreme flooding on soil quality

Crop residues exacerbate the negative effects of extreme flooding on soil quality

Organic Farming for Crop Improvement and Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change

Growth and litter decomposition of woody species inoculated with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Semiarid Brazil

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