Estimation of the Direct Cost of Poliomyelitis Rehabilitation Treatment to Pakistani Patients: A 53-Year Retrospective Study

Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Naqvi, Syed Asif Ali; Zehra, Fatima; Verma, Ashutosh Kumar; Usmani, Saman; Badar, Sehrish; Ahmad, Rizwan; Ahmad, Niyaz

doi:10.1007/s40258-018-0422-6

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This also eliminated selection bias. Female patients were reported in more numbers in previous studies . They were more likely to participate as compared to the male patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire

Naqvi

Hassali

Naqvi

et al. 2019

J Pharm Health Serv Res

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Objective The study aimed to develop a novel tool known as patient satisfaction feedback on counselling (PSF) questionnaire and documented patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling using the tool. Methods A 2‐month cross‐sectional study was conducted at Clifton Hospital Pharmacy in Karachi, Pakistan, using a novel questionnaire in both English and Urdu languages after face and content validation. Convenient sampling was employed, and data were analysed by SPSS v22. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of Clifton Hospital (Letter#23‐18). Key findings Content validity index and reliability were reported at 0.83 and 0.88. All items loaded on a single factor. A total of 350 patients participated in the study. The response rate was 67.1%. Most patients were adults (70%), married (66%), graduates (64%), employed (42%) and resided in urban localities (92%). Most patients suffered from chronic illness (68%) and had no comorbidity (78%). Half of patients had previous exposure of pharmacist counselling (52%). Average counselling time was around 8–9 min (X = 8.7, SD = 4.3). More than half of patients (56%) were willing to pay an average cost of PKR 346 (US $ 3) for a pharmacist counselling session, and 60% of patients were satisfied with counselling. A significant correlation was reported between patient satisfaction rating and amount willing to pay (q = 0.284, P < 0.001), and duration of counselling (q = 0.592, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients appeared satisfied with counselling. Age, education, comorbidity, illness type and duration, health insurance, number of medicines prescribed, urban residence and previous counselling exposure were determinants of patient satisfaction. Most notable finding was patients' willingness to pay for counselling should this service be charged that increased with patient satisfaction.

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“…This also eliminated selection bias. Female patients were reported in more numbers in previous studies . They were more likely to participate as compared to the male patients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire

Naqvi

Hassali

Naqvi

et al. 2019

J Pharm Health Serv Res

Self Cite

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“…This may act as a barrier to treatment especially in patients with low socioeconomic status. 17,31,32 Although most patients in our study had a nominal income, there is a need to formulate a policy for insurance coverage as this, coupled with work disability and early retirement, may lead to income loss as foregone employment, and would significantly impact a patient's quality of life and socioeconomic status. Moreover, the indirect burden of RA on society would be more if these variables are considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pakistani pupees (PKR) that was later converted to United States dollars (USD) using the exchange rate of that time. 17 It was done using the equation below:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total cost of treatment was calculated by adding all costs incurred on treatment in a year:

\sum C = C_{R_{h}} + C_{pt} + C_{MD} + C_{Lab} + C_{Med} + C_{T}

where,

\sum C

is the total annual direct expenditure associated with RA treatment,

C_{MD}

is the total cost of assistive medical devices,

C_{Lab}

is the total cost of diagnostic and laboratory charges and,

C_{Med}

is medications cost. The cost calculated through this methodology was available in Pakistani pupees (PKR) that was later converted to United States dollars (USD) using the exchange rate of that time . It was done using the equation below:

\sum C false(USD false) at time (t false) = \frac{\sum C false(PKR false) at time (t false)}{PKR to USD exchange rate at time (t)}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost-of-illness methodology was used to estimate annual direct costs of treating RA. [14][15][16][17] According to Rat and Boissier, direct costs associated with RA treatment include visits to rheumatologists, visits to other healthcare professionals for treatment such as physical therapists, diagnostic imaging such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and so on, laboratory tests, assistive devices and medications. Other direct costs include visiting other clinics such as emergency department, surgery, and so on, and non-medical costs such as travel expenses.…”

Section: Cost Calculation and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of direct cost of managing rheumatoid arthritis treatment to Pakistani patients using real‐world follow‐up data

et al. 2019

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Objective This study aimed to estimate annual direct cost attributed to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment from a patient's perspective using real‐world patient follow‐up data from hospitals’ electronic database. Methods A prospective 1‐year study was conducted in rheumatology clinics of tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. Cost‐of‐illness methodology was used and all patient data related to costs of rheumatologist visits, physical therapy sessions, medications, assistive devices and laboratory investigations were obtained directly in printed hardcopies from patient electronic databases using their medical record numbers. Transportation cost was calculated from patient‐reported log books. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS version 23. Patients were asked to sign a written consent and the study was ethically approved. Results The mean age of patients (N = 358) was 48 years. Most patients (73.7%) were female, married (86%) and had basic education (71.8%). Average cost of rheumatologist visits was PKR 11 510.61 (USD: 72.05) while it was PKR 66 947.37 (USD: 419.07) for physical therapy sessions. On average, medicines and medical devices costs were estimated at PKR 10 104.23 (USD: 63.25) and PKR 7848.48 (USD: 49.13) respectively. Cost attributed to diagnostic and laboratory charges was PKR 1962.12 (USD: 12.28) and travel expense was PKR 6541 (USD: 40.95). The direct expenditure associated with managing RA was PKR 37 558 (USD: 235.1). All costs were reported per annum. Conclusion Patient with RA in Pakistan pay a considerable amount of their income for managing their condition. Most patients have no provision for insurance which is a need considering the nature of the disease and associated productivity loss that would significantly lower income as the disease progresses.

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Doctors’ perceptions, expectations and experience regarding the role of pharmacist in hospital settings of Pakistan

et al. 2020

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Estimation of the Direct Cost of Poliomyelitis Rehabilitation Treatment to Pakistani Patients: A 53-Year Retrospective Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire

Assessment of patient satisfaction following pharmacist counselling session by a novel patient satisfaction feedback on counselling questionnaire

Estimation of direct cost of managing rheumatoid arthritis treatment to Pakistani patients using real‐world follow‐up data

Doctors’ perceptions, expectations and experience regarding the role of pharmacist in hospital settings of Pakistan

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