Estimation of the residual risk for the transmission of HIV in blood donors from the mountain region of Santa Catarina

Abstract

The HIV, in hemotheraphy, may be transmitted by erythrocyte, platelets, crioprecipitated, frozen fresh plasma and possibly, by other blood components. Appropriate legislations for this new reality were elaborated normatizing the hemotheraphy practices in Brazil, creating a set of procedures and actions aiming at guaranteeing the quality of the blood, during the whole process. However, the residual risk remains, and it can be calculated as a product of the incidence and period of the immunological window. The objective [corrected] of the present study was to determine the rate of residual risk of the HIV blood transmission, in the blood donors from the Mountain Region of Santa Catarina. In order to calculate the residual risk of the HIV markers, 4,857 donors of repetition from the 24,969 individuals who donated blood from 2000 to 2003 were evaluated, and the results showed a serumconversion, in one case. The method used to calculate the residual risk followed the model of the immunological incidence window used by Schreiber (1996), in the USA. A estimate risk of 1:50,000 was verified. The case was considered as confirmed when one of the HIV, in the Hemocenter, is considered one of the HIV markers, in 1:50.000, which confirms the hypothesis that the new legislation related to the Blood National Politics, with the introduction of more sensible tests is decreasing the immunological window, diminishing the residual and, consequently, intensifying the transfusion security.

Changes in the prevalence, incidence and residual risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus in Southern Brazilian blood donors since the implementation of NAT screening

“…The quantifi cation of residual risk is an important part of blood safety policies worldwide 2 . In Brazil, the methodology of residual risk estimation had been disseminated in the Portuguese language by the end of the 1990s 3,4 and has been sporadically applied in the country since then 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10] . The results of these studies showed high prevalence, incidence and residual risk in Brazil compared with the United States of America (USA), Europe, Japan and Australia, thus reinforcing the need to monitor these parameters in a systematic way and to use them to evaluate the effectiveness of transfusion safety measures.…”

Seroprevalence, Demographic and Blood Donation Characteristics of Blood Donors in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil

“…In the first half of the decade 2000, Spada et al (2005) found the HIV prevalence in blood donors varying between 0.02% in the Mountain Highland region and 0.04% reported by Kupek (2004) in Florianópolis. Present study indicates a significant reduction of average HIV prevalence in blood donor population to 0.006%, with the range between 0.001% to 0.01%.…”