Estimation of the stoichiometry of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen of lactating cows

Bannink, A.; Kogut, J.; Dijkstra, J.; Kebreab, E.; Vuuren, A.M. van; Tamminga, S.

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.05.026

Cited by 188 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Stoichiometric coefficients derived in this study for NDF (66:17:14:3 for C2:C3:C4:minor VFA, respectively) are in good agreement with the average coefficients reported previously by other authors for the cell wall component (64:14:18:4 on average by Murphy et al, 1982;Bannink et al, 2006;Sveinbjö rnsson et al, 2006). In contrast, for starch, our results showed a highly propionic pattern (41:44:12:3) compared to the coefficients reported by the other authors (on average 53:23:18:6), but our coefficients are highly consistent with those reported for amylolytic bacteria (48:45:5:1) by Nagorcka et al (2000) who set up separate coefficients for bacteria and protozoa.…”

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A significant quadratic relationship between residuals and pH was observed. This confirms a specific effect of rumen pH on stoichiometry of VFA, already considered by Argyle and Baldwin (1988), Pitt et al (1996) and Bannink et al (2006 and. However, our results show that the residuals were fairly low (,5 mol/mol for C3, ,2 mol/mol for C4) within a large range of ruminal pH (5.7 to 6.6).…”

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In current mechanistic models (Baldwin et al, 1987;Dijkstra et al, 1992;Pitt et al, 1996), separate coefficients for roughage and concentrate diets are considered (Murphy et al, 1982;Bannink et al, 2006;Sveinbjö rnsson et al, 2006) and their use requires accurate knowledge of five fermented substrates (soluble carbohydrates, starch, hemicellulose, cellulose and protein), although the precision of the analytical determination of some of these substrates (i.e. hemicellulose) remains questionable.…”

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, our approach is less dependent on the assumptions made for the derivation of the stoichiometric estimates. In addition, compared to previous studies in which the cell wall components were dissociated between cellulose and hemicellulose (Murphy et al, 1982;Bannink et al, 2006), we considered NDF as a unique entity, because ruminal digestion of NDF is frequently reported and accurately measured in the publications. Consequently, we propose in this study several coefficient sets depending on the measured digested fractions in the rumen (only OM and NDF or OM, NDF and starch or OM, NDF, starch and CP).…”

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Nozière

Glasser

Sauvant

2011

Animal

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Despite their major contribution to the energy supply of ruminants, the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen is still poorly predicted by rumen models. We have developed an empirical approach, based on the interpretation of large bibliographic databases gathering published in vivo measurements of ruminal VFA production rate (PR), rates of duodenal and faecal digestion and molar percentages of VFA in the rumen. These databases, covering a wide range of intake levels and dietary composition, were studied by meta-analysis using within-experiment models. We established models to quantify response laws of total VFA-PR and individual VFA molar percentages in the rumen to variations in intake level and dietary composition. The rumen fermentable organic matter (RfOM) intake, estimated from detailed knowledge of the chemical composition of diets according to INRA Feed Tables, appears as an accurate explanatory variable of measured total VFA-PR, with an average increment of 8.03 6 0.64 mol total VFA/kg RfOM intake. Similar results were obtained when total VFA-PR was estimated from measured apparent RfOM (total VFA-PR/RfOM averaging 8.3 6 1.2 mol/kg). The VFA molar percentages were related to dry matter intake and measured digestible organic matter (OM), digestible NDF and rumen starch digestibility, with root mean square error of 1.23, 1.45, 0.88 and 0.41 mol/100 mol total VFA for acetate, propionate, butyrate and minor VFA, respectively, with no effect of pH on the residuals. Stoichiometry coefficients were calculated from the slopes of the relationships between individual VFA production (estimated from measured apparent RfOM and individual VFA molar percentages) and measured fermented fractions. Coefficients averaged, respectively, 66, 17, 14 and 3 mol/100 mol for NDF; 41, 44, 12 and 4 mol/100 mol for starch; and 46, 35, 13 and 6 mol/100 mol for crude protein. Their use to predict VFA molar percentages appear relevant for most dietary conditions, that is, when the digested NDF/digested OM ratio exceeded 0.12. This study provides a quantitative review on VFA yield in the rumen. It contributes to the development of feed evaluation systems based on nutrient fluxes.

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Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Stoichiometric Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Nozière

Glasser

Sauvant

2011

Animal

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“…It was assumed that 1 mol CHO polymer weighs 162 g, 1 mol disaccharides 171 g and 1 mol protein 116 g. Glycerol was assumed to have a molar weight of 92 g. From available glucose units (mol/day), the production of acetate (Ac), propionate (Pr), butyrate (Bu) and other VFA (assuming that this is mainly valerate, Va) (mol/day) was calculated from the diurnal means of the measured proportion of individual VFA of total VFA. According to fermentation pathways (Baldwin, 1995), it was assumed that 1 mol glucose unit delivered either 2 mol of Ac or Pr, or 1 mol of Bu or Va and 1 mol of protein delivered 0.55 mol of glucose unit (Bannink et al, 2006). Protein was considered independently of positive or negative rumen protein balance, that is, it was assumed that the same amount of glucose units delivered by feed protein degradation was used for microbial protein synthesis.…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane production and diurnal variation measured in dairy cows and predicted from fermentation pattern and nutrient or carbon flow

Brask

Weisbjerg

Hellwing

et al. 2015

Animal

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Many feeding trials have been conducted to quantify enteric methane (CH 4 ) production in ruminants. Although a relationship between diet composition, rumen fermentation and CH 4 production is generally accepted, the efforts to quantify this relationship within the same experiment remain scarce. In the present study, a data set was compiled from the results of three intensive respiration chamber trials with lactating rumen and intestinal fistulated Holstein cows, including measurements of rumen and intestinal digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and CH 4 production. Two approaches were used to calculate CH 4 from observations: (1) a rumen organic matter (OM) balance was derived from OM intake and duodenal organic matter flow (DOM) distinguishing various nutrients and (2) a rumen carbon balance was derived from carbon intake and duodenal carbon flow (DCARB). Duodenal flow was corrected for endogenous matter, and contribution of fermentation in the large intestine was accounted for. Hydrogen (H 2 ) arising from fermentation was calculated using the fermentation pattern measured in rumen fluid. CH 4 was calculated from H 2 production corrected for H 2 use with biohydrogenation of fatty acids. The DOM model overestimated CH 4 /kg dry matter intake (DMI) by 6.1% ( R 2 = 0.36) and the DCARB model underestimated CH 4 /kg DMI by 0.4% ( R 2 = 0.43). A stepwise regression of the difference between measured and calculated daily CH 4 production was conducted to examine explanations for the deviance. Dietary carbohydrate composition and rumen carbohydrate digestion were the main sources of inaccuracies for both models. Furthermore, differences were related to rumen ammonia concentration with the DOM model and to rumen pH and dietary fat with the DCARB model. Adding these parameters to the models and performing a multiple regression against observed daily CH 4 production resulted in R 2 of 0.66 and 0.72 for DOM and DCARB models, respectively. The diurnal pattern of CH 4 production followed that of rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and the CH 4 to CO 2 production ratio, but was inverse to rumen pH and the rumen hydrogen balance calculated from 4 × (acetate + butyrate)/2 × (propionate + valerate). In conclusion, the amount of feed fermented was the most important factor determining variations in CH 4 production between animals, diets and during the day. Interactions between feed components, VFA absorption rates and variation between animals seemed to be factors that were complicating the accurate prediction of CH 4 . Using a ruminal carbon balance appeared to predict CH 4 production just as well as calculations based on rumen digestion of individual nutrients.Keywords: modelling methane, VFA, enteric fermentation, carbon, dairy cow Implications Methane (CH 4 ) is a potent greenhouse gas that arises from feed fermentation in the rumen and large intestine of ruminant animals. The quantity of CH 4 depends on daily feed intake, feed chemical composition and feed rumen digestibility. Therefore, the present paper was ...

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Modeling Approaches to Link Various Levels of Organization in Animal Physiology

Bannink

Dijkstra

2011

Systems Biology and Livestock Science

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Estimation of the stoichiometry of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen of lactating cows

Cited by 188 publications

References 58 publications

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Methane production and diurnal variation measured in dairy cows and predicted from fermentation pattern and nutrient or carbon flow

Modeling Approaches to Link Various Levels of Organization in Animal Physiology

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